Blood Purification Plasma Flow Calculation Using Pressure and Protein
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing blood purification apparatuses struggle to accurately calculate the plasma flow rate due to variations in plasma total protein levels, which are influenced by nutrition status, making it difficult to determine the optimal substitution rate during treatments like HDF and HF.
Innovation Solution
A blood purification apparatus that includes a plasma-flow-rate-acquiring unit to detect plasma total protein during treatment, utilizing a control unit to calculate plasma flow rate by measuring transmembrane pressure differences and blood concentration, allowing for accurate determination of substitution rates.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If plasma total protein is measured through blood test in advance, then plasma flow rate can be calculated, but the value may be significantly different from actual treatment conditions due to nutrition status changes
Solution Approach 1:
The patent performs a preliminary calibration by measuring transmembrane pressure at two different blood flow rates to establish a linear relationship between pressure and plasma total protein. This preliminary action creates a calibration curve that accounts for individual patient variations, enabling more accurate real-time plasma flow rate calculations during treatment without relying on potentially outdated blood test values.
Solution Approach 2:
The system continuously monitors transmembrane pressure during treatment and uses this feedback to dynamically calculate plasma total protein and adjust plasma flow rate calculations. This real-time feedback mechanism ensures that the plasma flow rate reflects actual treatment conditions rather than relying on static pre-treatment blood test values.
2Productivity
If substitution rate is increased to improve treatment efficacy, then life prognosis improves, but accurate determination of optimal substitution rate becomes difficult without reliable plasma flow rate data
Solution Approach 1:
The system uses real-time transmembrane pressure monitoring to continuously calculate plasma total protein and plasma flow rate, providing feedback that enables dynamic adjustment of substitution rate. This ensures the substitution rate is optimized based on actual treatment conditions rather than estimated values, improving both treatment efficacy and safety.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the measurement parameter from static blood test values to dynamic transmembrane pressure measurements during treatment. This parameter change enables real-time calculation of plasma flow rate, allowing the substitution rate to be optimized based on actual treatment conditions rather than pre-treatment estimates.
3Measurement precision
If transmembrane pressure is measured at multiple blood flow rates, then plasma total protein can be calculated more accurately, but treatment time increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent performs calibration at two blood flow rates (one normal and one higher than normal) rather than requiring multiple measurements at various rates. This partial action approach provides sufficient accuracy for clinical purposes while minimizing calibration time, avoiding the excessive time consumption of more comprehensive measurement protocols.
Solution Approach 2:
The system changes the blood flow rate parameter during calibration from a single normal value to two different values (normal and higher). This parameter variation enables calculation of plasma total protein based on the linear relationship between pressure and flow rate, achieving accurate results with minimal additional time investment.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables precise calculation of plasma flow rate and substitution rates, optimizing treatment efficacy by accounting for real-time protein levels and pressure dynamics.
Implementation Method 1
a blood purifier provided between the arterial blood circuit and the venous blood circuit and that purifies the blood flowing through the blood circuit, the blood purifier having a blood flow route through which the blood extracorporeally circulating through the blood circuit flows and a dialysate flow route through which dialysate flows, the blood flow route and the dialysate flow route being separated from each other by a blood purification membrane for purifying the blood
Implementation Method 2
an ultrafiltration unit that performs ultrafiltration by filtering out water from the blood in the blood flow route through the blood purification membrane and draining the water through the dialysate flow route
Implementation Method 3
a pressure sensor that detects a transmembrane pressure difference occurring on the blood purification membrane
Implementation Method 4
an optical sensor mounted on the blood circuit and that detects plasma total protein
Data Source
AI summary
A blood purification apparatus includes a blood circuit that allows a patient's blood to extracorporeally circulate; a blood purifier between the arterial blood circuit and the venous blood circuit having a blood flow route through which the blood extracorporeally flows and a dialysate flow route through which dialysate flows, the blood flow route and the dialysate flow route being separated from each other by a blood purification membrane; an ultrafiltration unit that filters out water from the blood in the blood flow route through the blood purification membrane and drains the water through the dialysate flow route; and a substitution-fluid supply unit that supplies substitution fluid. The blood purification apparatus includes a plasma-flow-rate-acquiring unit that acquires a plasma flow rate or a correlation value of plasma flow rate with reference to a blood concentration detected from the patient's blood and a plasma total protein detected from the blood.