Blood Purifier Recirculation Detection via Concentration Peaks
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional blood purification apparatuses face challenges in detecting blood recirculation due to indistinct specific peaks generated by rapidly driving the ultrafiltration pump, leading to reduced blood purification efficiency.
Innovation Solution
A blood purification apparatus with a blood concentration means that imparts a specific peak by rapidly concentrating blood for a short period using a pressurizing pump and atmosphere release line, and detection means to accurately detect this peak, including hematocrit sensors in both arterial and venous blood circuits, to calculate the percentage of recirculated blood.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If the ultrafiltration pump is rapidly driven for a short period to impart a specific peak to change blood concentration, then blood recirculation detection is enabled, but the specific peak becomes indistinct and detection becomes difficult
Solution Approach 1:
A bubble isolation chamber is introduced as an intermediary component between the ultrafiltration pump and the blood circuit. This chamber isolates bubbles generated during rapid pump operation from the blood flow, preventing them from interfering with the specific peak detection. The chamber allows the specific peak to be clearly imparted to the blood concentration while filtering out harmful bubble interference, thereby resolving the contradiction between enabling detection and maintaining measurement precision.
2Stability of the object's composition
If the ultrafiltration pump operates at normal speed (0.5 to 1.0 L/H), then stable blood filtration is maintained, but no specific peak is generated for recirculation detection
Solution Approach 1:
The ultrafiltration pump is operated periodically with alternating phases: a rapid driving phase to generate a specific peak for recirculation detection, followed by a normal operation phase for stable blood filtration. This periodic action allows the system to maintain overall stability while periodically acquiring recirculation detection signals, thus resolving the contradiction between maintaining stable filtration and generating detection signals.
Solution Approach 2:
Before normal blood filtration proceeds, a preliminary rapid driving phase is performed to generate a specific peak that carries recirculation detection information. This preliminary action ensures that detection signals are obtained before the main filtration process continues, allowing the system to maintain stable operation while periodically checking for recirculation.
3Measurement precision
If bubbles are present in the blood circuit during rapid pump operation, then they interfere with blood concentration measurement, but eliminating bubbles requires additional system complexity
Solution Approach 1:
A bubble isolation chamber serves as an intermediary that passively removes bubbles from the blood flow without requiring complex active bubble detection or removal systems. The chamber's structure allows bubbles to separate and be isolated during the rapid pump operation, enabling accurate blood concentration measurement while avoiding the need for sophisticated bubble management systems.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The apparatus reliably and precisely detects blood recirculation by creating a distinct specific peak, reducing errors, and allowing for precise monitoring of blood parameters, thereby enhancing blood purification efficiency.
Implementation Method 1
the blood concentration means has an atmosphere release line, the tip of which is open to the atmosphere, that extends from between the pressurizing pump and the dialysate introduction and discharge means in the dialysate discharge line
Implementation Method 2
a pressurizing pump that is connected to the dialysate discharge line between the blood purification means and dialysate introduction and discharge means, and that causes dialysate to flow from the blood purification means into the dialysate introduction and discharge means
Implementation Method 3
The hollow fibers have micro-holes (pores) in the wall surfaces to form a blood purification membrane, and blood waste materials and the like that pass through the interior of the hollow fibers pass through the blood purification membrane and are discharged into the dialysate
Implementation Method 4
blood waste materials and the like that pass through the interior of the hollow fibers pass through the blood purification membrane and are discharged into the dialysate
Implementation Method 5
a sensor to detect the blood concentration (sensor to detect the hemoglobin concentration) was arranged in the arterial blood circuit
Data Source
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AI summary
A blood purification apparatus that can make the specific peak to be imparted to the blood more distinct, and therefore can detect blood recirculation reliably and precisely, is presented. It contains a blood circuit, a blood pump, a dialyzer, dialysate introduction and discharge lines, a duplex pump, a pressurizing pump, a blood concentration means, and detection means that detect the specific peak imparted by the blood concentration means. The blood concentration means is configured to have an atmosphere release line, the tip of which is open to the atmosphere, that extends from between the pressurizing pump and the duplex pump in the dialysate discharge line, and to have an electromagnetic valve that can open or close the atmosphere release line. The electromagnetic valve opens the atmosphere release line to impart the specific peak by rapidly concentrating the blood flowing in the dialyzer for a short period of time.