Blood Sample Measurement Surfactant Segmentation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing methods for measuring substances in blood samples using enzymatic methods with oxidizable color reagents are affected by bilirubin and hemoglobin, leading to measurement errors, and existing surfactant solutions either fail to address both interferents simultaneously or require complex adjustments.
Innovation Solution
A method involving a two-step process where a blood sample is first treated with a non-ionic surfactant, followed by a betaine-type amphoteric surfactant during the enzymatic reaction, using specific surfactants like polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene condensates and alkyl betaines to avoid the influences of both bilirubin and hemoglobin.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If an amphoteric surfactant is added to the measurement reagent to avoid the influences of bilirubin, then the measurement precision is improved for bilirubin interference, but the measurement precision deteriorates for hemoglobin interference
Solution Approach 1:
The invention divides the anti-interference function into two separate stages: first using a non-ionic surfactant to protect against hemoglobin interference, then using a betaine-type amphoteric surfactant to protect against bilirubin interference. This segmentation allows each surfactant to specialize in one type of interference without compromising the other measurement.
Solution Approach 2:
The non-ionic surfactant is added to the blood sample before the enzymatic reaction to preliminarily protect against hemoglobin interference. This preliminary action prevents hemoglobin from affecting the measurement before the bilirubin-specific anti-interference mechanism is activated in the second stage.
2Device complexity
If existing methods use a single surfactant approach to avoid interferent influences, then the device complexity is reduced, but the measurement precision deteriorates when both bilirubin and hemoglobin are present
Solution Approach 1:
The measurement system is segmented into two distinct reagent stages, each containing a specific type of surfactant. The first reagent contains non-ionic surfactant for hemoglobin interference, and the second reagent contains betaine-type amphoteric surfactant for bilirubin interference. This segmentation achieves comprehensive anti-interference capability while maintaining clear functional separation.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention uses a composite approach by combining two different types of surfactants with distinct chemical properties (non-ionic and amphoteric) in a sequential measurement system. This composite strategy leverages the complementary strengths of each surfactant type to achieve broad-spectrum anti-interference protection.
3Ease of operation
If an amphoteric surfactant is used to avoid bilirubin influences, then the ease of operation is improved, but the reliability deteriorates in hemolysis specimens
Solution Approach 1:
The operational process is segmented into two simple steps: first adding non-ionic surfactant to the blood sample, then adding the amphoteric surfactant-containing reagent. This segmentation maintains ease of operation while significantly improving reliability for hemolysis specimens by addressing both hemoglobin and bilirubin interferences systematically.
Solution Approach 2:
The non-ionic surfactant is applied in advance to the blood sample to preliminarily protect against hemoglobin interference from hemolysis. This preliminary action ensures that when the amphoteric surfactant is subsequently added for bilirubin interference protection, the hemoglobin interference has already been mitigated, thereby improving overall measurement reliability.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach allows for accurate measurement of substances in blood samples by effectively neutralizing the interfering effects of bilirubin and hemoglobin, ensuring precise quantification of uric acid and other substances.
Implementation Method 1
bringing the blood sample into contact with a non-ionic surfactant, and then bringing the resultant sample into contact with a betaine-type amphoteric surfactant
Implementation Method 2
perform an enzyme reaction by an oxidation enzyme specific for the substance to be measured to produce hydrogen peroxide
Implementation Method 3
perform an enzyme reaction by an oxidation enzyme specific for the substance to be measured to produce hydrogen peroxide
Implementation Method 4
a color reaction by an oxidizable color reagent at the same time as the contact or after the contact
Data Source
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AI summary
Provided is a method for measuring a substance in a blood sample, which allows avoidance of the influences of both of bilirubin and hemoglobin by simple operations. Provided is a method for measuring a substance in a blood sample by an enzymatic method using an oxidizable color reagent, the method including (1) bringing the blood sample into contact with a non-ionic surfactant; and then (2) bringing the resultant sample into contact with a betaine-type amphoteric surfactant, to perform an enzyme reaction and a color reaction by an oxidizable color reagent at the same time as the contact or after the contact.