Multi-Signature Smart Wallet Using BLS Signature Aggregation

The patent applies BLS signature aggregation to combine multiple individual signatures into a single aggregated signature. This merging process reduces the number of signature verification operations from O(n) to O(1), significantly decreasing computational load and energy consumption while maintaining security. The aggregation function combines signatures from multiple signers into one compact representation that can be verified against the public keys of all signers simultaneously.

The system segments the key management process into distinct components: key generation, signature creation, signature aggregation, and verification. By separating these functions and using threshold cryptography where only a threshold number of signatures are needed to execute transactions, the system reduces the computational burden on individual nodes while maintaining distributed security.

The system performs preliminary key setup and registration of multi-signature wallets in advance. The threshold requirements and public keys are pre-configured and stored on the blockchain. When transactions need approval, the system efficiently collects signatures from the required threshold number of signers using the pre-established key pairs, rather than setting up the entire multi-signature structure at the moment of transaction execution.

The patent replaces traditional mechanical multi-signature verification processes with BLS signature aggregation, which uses cryptographic mathematics to combine multiple signatures into a single verifiable unit. This substitution dramatically reduces the time required for verification while maintaining the threshold security model, as the aggregated signature can be verified in constant time regardless of the number of original signers.

The system introduces a smart contract as an intermediary that manages the complexity of multi-signature wallet operations. The smart contract stores public keys, tracks signature thresholds, and automatically verifies aggregated signatures against the required threshold. This intermediary absorbs the implementation complexity, allowing applications to use multi-signature wallets without directly managing the cryptographic details, thus enhancing security while reducing the perceived complexity for end users.

The BLS signature scheme provides a universal solution that handles multiple functions: key generation, signature creation, aggregation, and verification, all within a unified cryptographic framework. This multi-functionality reduces the need for separate implementations of different cryptographic primitives, simplifying the overall system architecture while maintaining robust security across various blockchain applications and use cases.