Kentucky Bluegrass Breeding With Facultative Apomixis Switching
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current breeding techniques fail to combine desirable characteristics from various Kentucky bluegrass genotypes into a single cultivar due to the challenges posed by apomixis, which limits access to genetic variation and complicates hybridization and selection processes.
Innovation Solution
Develop methods to produce 100% sexual cultivars of Kentucky bluegrass by transferring the apomictic mechanism from apomictic parents to sexual x apomictic hybridization, enabling the development of sexual populations and subsequent hybridization to create apomictic cultivars with improved traits.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Stability of the object's composition
If apomixis is used for reproduction in Kentucky bluegrass, then genetic fidelity and cultivar stability are maintained, but access to genetic variation and ability to combine desirable characteristics from various genotypes is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies dynamics by creating a facultative apomictic system where the mode of reproduction can switch between sexual and asexual. The cultivar exhibits dynamic control over reproduction mode, allowing sexual reproduction when genetic variation is needed and asexual reproduction when cultivar stability is desired, thus resolving the contradiction between stability and adaptability
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the parameter of reproduction mode from fixed (either sexual or asexual) to variable (facultative). By controlling the expression of apomixis as a可调 parameter, the system can optimize between genetic fidelity and genetic variation depending on breeding objectives, resolving the technical contradiction
2Adaptability or versatility
If traditional sexual reproduction is used for breeding, then genetic diversity can be accessed, but the ability to maintain hybrid vigor and produce true-to-type progeny is compromised
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by first creating hybrid genotypes through sexual reproduction to capture genetic diversity and hybrid vigor, then subsequently activating apomixis to fix and maintain these hybrid characteristics in true-to-type progeny. This sequential approach ensures both genetic diversity access and hybrid vigor preservation
Solution Approach 2:
The patent ensures continuity of useful action by maintaining the capacity for both sexual reproduction (for generating genetic diversity) and asexual reproduction (for maintaining hybrid vigor). The facultative apomixis allows continuous exploitation of hybrid vigor across generations while periodically accessing genetic diversity through sexual reproduction
3Stability of the object's composition
If apomictic mechanisms are directly applied without sexual reproduction, then cultivar purity is maintained, but the complexity of breeding programs and access to new trait combinations increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies taking out by extracting the apomictic mechanism from obligate apomicts and transferring it to a facultative system. This allows the beneficial aspect (cultivar purity) to be separated from the problematic aspect (breeding complexity), enabling controlled use of apomixis only when needed for maintaining purity while using sexual reproduction for trait combination
Data Source
AI summary
A method for producing 100% sexual cultivars of a grass plant developed from facultative apomictic germplasm. Sexual cultivars of Kentucky bluegrass include those of breeder's codes: AKB020, AKB413, AKB419, AKB484, AKB357, and AKB397. Additionally, disclosed is a method for producing hybrid apomictic plants from hybridization of a completely sexual parent with a facultative or apomictic parent, including those of breeder's codes AKB1661, AKB1658, AKB3605, AKB2839, AKB2949, AKB3128, AKB3179, AKB3201, AKB3216, AKB3241.