BMS MCU Backup Power Conversion for Vehicle Voltage Drops
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Solution Overview
Problem
The sudden drop in low voltage from a vehicle terminal can cause the microcontroller unit (MCU) in a battery management system (BMS) to shut down, endangering vehicle safety by disrupting normal functions such as storage, processing, and determination.
Innovation Solution
A power maintenance apparatus with a power conversion part and a backup power supply part, including isolated and non-isolated DC/DC converters, converts battery pack voltage into operating voltage for the MCU and provides backup power when vehicle terminal voltage is insufficient, using processors to control these components based on voltage comparisons.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Device complexity
If the MCU operates directly from vehicle terminal voltage, then the device complexity is reduced, but the reliability deteriorates when voltage drops occur
Solution Approach 1:
A DC/DC converter is introduced as an intermediary component between the vehicle terminal and the MCU. This converter acts as a mediator that transforms the unstable vehicle terminal voltage into stable operating voltage for the MCU, preventing direct voltage fluctuations from affecting the controller's operation.
Solution Approach 2:
The system performs preliminary voltage conversion and stabilization before the voltage reaches the MCU. By converting battery pack voltage to a stable intermediate voltage level in advance, the system ensures the MCU receives consistent power even when vehicle terminal voltage drops momentarily.
2Reliability
If a power conversion part is added to convert battery pack voltage, then the reliability of voltage supply is improved, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The DC/DC converter is designed to perform multiple functions: it converts battery pack voltage to operating voltage, provides voltage stabilization, and serves as a backup power source when vehicle terminal voltage drops. This multi-functionality reduces the need for separate backup power components.
Solution Approach 2:
The power conversion part is controlled by the processor to automatically adjust its operation based on voltage conditions. The system monitors vehicle terminal voltage and self-regulates the conversion process, eliminating the need for external manual intervention or complex external control circuits.
3Device complexity
If the MCU shuts down during voltage drops, then the device complexity is reduced, but the loss of information increases due to interrupted processing
Solution Approach 1:
The DC/DC converter ensures continuous power supply to the MCU by maintaining a stable output voltage regardless of fluctuations in vehicle terminal voltage. This continuity prevents the MCU from shutting down during transient voltage drops, ensuring uninterrupted data processing and storage operations.
Solution Approach 2:
The power conversion part acts as a cushioning mechanism that absorbs voltage fluctuations before they reach the MCU. By converting and stabilizing voltage in advance, it protects the MCU from the harmful effects of voltage drops, preventing data loss and processing interruptions.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Ensures continuous operation of the MCU by maintaining stable voltage supply, allowing the BMS to manage the battery pack effectively even during momentary voltage drops from the vehicle terminal.
Implementation Method 1
The power conversion part may include an isolated DC/DC converter
Implementation Method 2
The backup power supply part may include a non-isolated DC/DC converter
Data Source
AI summary
A power maintenance apparatus includes a power conversion part converting voltage from a battery pack into operating voltage required for operation of a controller adapted to manage the battery pack and supply the operating voltage to the controller, and a processor controlling the power conversion part by monitoring voltage supplied from a vehicle terminal to the controller.