Boiler Combustion Control for Efficiency and NOx Balance
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Solution Overview
Problem
The challenge lies in balancing the contradictory relationship between boiler efficiency and NOx emission, where existing technologies struggle to effectively control NOx emissions while maintaining high combustion efficiency in thermal power plant boilers.
Innovation Solution
An energy-saving control system and method utilizing a prediction module, optimization module based on a particle swarm algorithm, emission detection, parameter correction, and regulating module to optimize boiler input parameters and adjust operating conditions for improved efficiency and reduced NOx emissions.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Use of energy by moving object
If combustion efficiency is increased to improve energy utilization, then boiler efficiency is improved, but NOx emission increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system dynamically adjusts combustion parameters (excess air coefficient, fuel feed rate, primary air flow rate, secondary air flow rate) in real-time based on boiler load and efficiency predictions, rather than using fixed settings. This allows the combustion process to adapt continuously, optimizing efficiency while controlling NOx emissions across varying operating conditions
Solution Approach 2:
The system implements closed-loop feedback control by continuously monitoring boiler efficiency and NOx emissions, comparing them against target values, and automatically adjusting combustion parameters through the controller. The feedback mechanism uses predicted efficiency values and actual emission data to refine parameter adjustments, resolving the contradiction between efficiency improvement and emission control
Solution Approach 3:
The system changes multiple combustion parameters simultaneously (excess air coefficient, fuel feed rate, air flow rates) in coordinated fashion rather than adjusting single parameters. This multi-parameter optimization approach allows the system to navigate the complex trade-off between combustion efficiency and NOx formation by finding optimal parameter combinations that balance both objectives
2Object-generated harmful factors
If combustion parameters are adjusted to reduce NOx emission, then NOx emission is controlled, but boiler efficiency decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The system dynamically adapts NOx control strategies based on current boiler load and efficiency predictions. Rather than applying fixed emission reduction settings, the system adjusts combustion parameters in real-time to maintain efficiency while controlling emissions, reversing the traditional approach of prioritizing emission control at the expense of efficiency
Solution Approach 2:
The feedback mechanism monitors both efficiency and emission levels, using efficiency predictions to guide NOx control adjustments. When efficiency drops below target, the system automatically adjusts parameters to recover efficiency while maintaining emission control, ensuring that emission reduction actions do not compromise energy utilization
Solution Approach 3:
The system performs coordinated changes to multiple parameters (fuel feed rate, air flow rates, excess air coefficient) to achieve NOx reduction without efficiency loss. By adjusting parameters in a balanced manner rather than isolating emission control measures, the system maintains combustion efficiency while reducing harmful emissions
3Productivity
If complex control algorithms are used to optimize both efficiency and emissions, then operational performance is improved, but system complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs preliminary calculations of optimal combustion parameters based on predicted boiler efficiency and current operating conditions before actual parameter adjustments are made. This pre-computation approach allows complex optimization to be done in advance, simplifying the real-time control execution and reducing operational complexity
Solution Approach 2:
The system introduces an intermediate prediction model that estimates boiler efficiency based on operating parameters before final control decisions are made. This intermediary layer simplifies the control logic by providing predicted efficiency values that guide parameter adjustments, making the overall system more manageable despite the complexity of multiple optimization objectives
Data Source
AI summary
The disclosure provides an energy-saving control system and method for a boiler in a thermal power plant. The system includes: a prediction module, used for predicting current boiler operating efficiency; an optimization module, used for optimizing boiler input parameters based on a particle swarm algorithm, determining an optimal operating condition parameter combination, and setting adjustment steps of the optimal operating condition parameter combination; an emission detection module, used for obtaining NOx emission data of the boiler in thermal power plant and calculating a NOx emission fluctuation degree according to the NOx emission data; a parameter correction module, used for setting emission weight according to the fluctuation degree and setting a correction value of the optimal operating condition parameter combination according to the emission weight; a regulating and controlling module, used for regulating and controlling the boiler of the thermal power plant.