Bone Cement Paste Kit Vacuum Mixing System
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional PMMA bone cements require precise and rapid mixing of two components, which can lead to errors, air bubble formation, and exposure to hazardous vapors, necessitating trained personnel and additional equipment, while also having stability issues that affect their usability in medical applications.
Innovation Solution
A two-part polymethylmethacrylate bone cement kit is developed, where one paste contains a monomer, peroxide initiator, and tertiary amine co-accelerator, and the other paste contains a heavy metal compound and sulfimide co-accelerator, allowing for stable storage and rapid curing upon mixing without forming a tacky surface layer.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If conventional PMMA bone cement components are mixed manually, then the mixing process is simple, but mixing errors occur and air bubbles form
Solution Approach 1:
The system uses vacuum mixing that automatically removes air bubbles during the mixing process, eliminating the need for manual degassing operations while ensuring consistent mixing quality and preventing air bubble formation in the final cement product
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces manual mixing operations with an automated vacuum mixing system that combines mechanical mixing with vacuum degassing, substituting human-operated simple mixing with a more complex automated system that delivers reliable, error-free mixing results
2Reliability
If vacuum mixing systems are used, then air bubble formation is prevented, but equipment complexity and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines the mixing function and vacuum degassing function into a single integrated mixing system, where the vacuum pump serves dual purposes of facilitating mixing and removing air bubbles, thereby reducing overall system complexity compared to separate mixing and degassing equipment
Solution Approach 2:
The vacuum pump in the mixing system performs multiple functions: it creates vacuum for degassing, facilitates mixing by removing air pockets, and controls the mixing process atmosphere, making the equipment highly versatile and reducing the need for additional specialized devices
3Ease of operation
If conventional PMMA bone cement is used, then the cement can be applied, but user exposure to hazardous vapors and particles occurs
Solution Approach 1:
The vacuum mixing system operates in a controlled vacuum environment that prevents monomer vapor escape into the surrounding air, protecting users from hazardous vapor exposure while maintaining the chemical properties needed for cement application
4Reliability
If trained personnel are required for mixing, then mixing quality is maintained, but training costs and operational complexity increase
Solution Approach 1:
The vacuum mixing system automatically performs the complex mixing and degassing operations that previously required trained personnel, with the system self-regulating the mixing process and eliminating the need for operator skill in timing, technique, and quality assessment
5Reliability
If waiting time is required after mixing, then cement application quality is ensured, but productivity decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The vacuum mixing system continuously removes air bubbles throughout the entire mixing process rather than requiring a separate waiting period for degassing, allowing the cement to be immediately applicable after mixing without delayed productivity loss
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The kit provides a stable, easy-to-use bone cement that cures within minutes, reducing the risk of errors and exposure to hazardous substances, and forms a polymer that is non-tacky and tolerable for contact with human tissue, enhancing its medical applicability.
Implementation Method 1
at least one monomer for radical polymerisation with a boiling point below 120° C. at a pressure of 1,013 mbar; at least one peroxide as polymerisation initiator
Implementation Method 2
at least one peroxide as polymerisation initiator; at least one heavy metal compound as polymerisation accelerator
Implementation Method 3
at least one monomer for radical polymerisation with a boiling point below 120° C. at a pressure of 1,013 mbar
Data Source
AI summary
Kit for producing a bone cement paste, comprising a paste A and a paste B; paste A comprising at least one monomer for radical polymerization, at least one peroxide polymerization initiator and at least one tertiary amine, at least one amidine or a mixture of a tertiary amine and amidine; paste B comprising at least one monomer for radical polymerization, at least one heavy metal compound as polymerization accelerator, and as polymerization co-accelerator at least one sulfimide, at least one dicarboxylic acid imide or a mixture thereof, at least one of the pastes A and B comprising at least one filling agent that is insoluble in the monomer of paste A and/or the monomer of paste B.