3D Bone Density Model for Fracture Risk Assessment

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for assessing bone fracture risk using two-dimensional X-ray absorptiometry data are incomplete and inaccurate due to lack of consideration for bone structure and architecture, leading to inconsistent geometric parameter measurements.

Innovation Solution

A three-dimensional bone density model is constructed using a priori information from anatomical or statistical atlases combined with X-ray absorptiometry data from multiple angles, allowing for accurate measurement of geometric and structural properties such as cross-sectional moment of inertia and section modulus.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of manufacture

If two-dimensional DXA images are used for bone analysis, then cost is reduced and accessibility is improved, but measurement precision and reliability of geometric parameters deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecost and accessibilityVSAvoidgeometric parameter measurement consistency
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent transitions from two-dimensional DXA image analysis to three-dimensional bone modeling by integrating multiple DXA scans taken at different angles. This dimensional transformation allows reconstruction of 3D bone geometry and density distribution, enabling accurate measurement of geometric parameters (cross-sectional area, moment of inertia, section modulus) while maintaining the cost-effectiveness and accessibility of DXA technology.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Measurement precision

If three-dimensional modeling techniques are used, then measurement precision and reliability of bone strength assessment are improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebone strength assessment accuracyVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent makes the existing DXA system multi-functional by enabling it to perform both traditional areal BMD measurement and 3D bone modeling functions. The system processes multiple scans at different angles and reconstructs 3D bone models, allowing a single DXA device to provide comprehensive bone strength assessment including geometric parameters, density distribution, and fracture risk evaluation without requiring separate CT or MRI systems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces computational algorithms and software processing as intermediaries between the DXA scanning hardware and the final bone strength assessment. These computational tools transform raw multi-angle scan data into 3D bone models and derive geometric parameters, effectively bridging the gap between simple 2D imaging and complex 3D analysis while keeping the physical hardware relatively simple.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Ease of operation

If only BMD data is used for fracture risk assessment, then the assessment process is simplified, but reliability of fracture risk prediction deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveassessment simplicityVSAvoidfracture risk prediction accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges multiple types of bone information into a unified 3D bone model: areal BMD measurements from DXA scans, three-dimensional geometric properties (cross-sectional area, moment of inertia, section modulus), and density distribution data. This integration combines the simplicity of DXA-based BMD assessment with the comprehensive structural information needed for accurate fracture risk prediction, overcoming the limitations of using BMD alone.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach provides more reliable and consistent assessment of bone strength and fracture risk by utilizing true density information and geometric properties, improving the accuracy of fracture prediction compared to two-dimensional methods.

Implementation Method 1

perform X-ray absorptiometric scans of the patient's body part of interest and collect X-ray absorptiometry data from the scans

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectX-ray absorptiometry: Absorption (EM radiation)

Data Source

PatentEP1952303B8Estimating risk of future bone fracture utilizing three-dimensional bone density model
Publication Date: 2016.08.17 HOLOGIC INC

AI summary

A novel approach for analyzing a patient's body part of interest to a assess bone strength and/or risk of future fracture includes obtaining a priori information regarding the body part of interest (s11), performing X-ray absorptiometry scans of the patient's body part of interest and collecting the X-ray absorptiometry data from the scans (s13), constructing a three-dimensional model of the patient's body part of interest, by utilizing the a prior information along with the X-ray absorptiometry data (s15) and performing measurement of various geometric parameters on the three-dimensional geometric and structural properties (s17).