Bone Press Apparatus for Harvesting Cancellous Bone and Marrow
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for harvesting cancellous bone and marrow, such as the Ray Iliac Procedure, are inadequate for efficiently obtaining high yields from areas like the condyles of the tibia and femur, and intermedullary canals in the tibia or femur, as they do not effectively separate and collect the bone marrow from the cancellous bone.
Innovation Solution
A method involving the creation of an intermedullary canal using an orthopedic reamer, followed by suction extraction with a tube attached to a collection container, and subsequent filtration using a plunger with a press head to separate the liquid bone marrow from the cancellous bone, allowing for high yields of both components.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If traditional harvesting methods (Ray Iliac Procedure) are used, then bone can be harvested, but the yield is insufficient and separation of bone marrow from cancellous bone is ineffective
Solution Approach 1:
The harvesting process is divided into distinct stages: (1) creation of intermedullary canal, (2) suction extraction of loosened bone and marrow, (3) filtration using plunger with press head, and (4) separation of liquid marrow from solid cancellous bone. This segmentation allows each component to be optimized for its specific function, resulting in high yield and effective separation.
Solution Approach 2:
A plunger with press head is introduced as an intermediary device during filtration. The press head applies mechanical pressure to force liquid bone marrow through a filter, separating it from cancellous bone. This intermediary mechanism enables efficient separation without direct contact between the surgeon and the bone marrow mixture.
2Quantity of substance
If suction extraction is used, then bone marrow can be collected, but suction may cause loss or dilution of bone marrow
Solution Approach 1:
The intermedullary canal is created and loosening of cancellous bone is performed before suction extraction. This preliminary preparation ensures that the bone structure is ready for efficient extraction while minimizing damage to the bone marrow, thereby reducing loss and dilution during the subsequent suction process.
Solution Approach 2:
A suction tube is inserted through the intermedullary canal to extract loosened cancellous bone and bone marrow. The suction mechanism selectively removes the loosened material while preserving intact bone structures, enabling collection of bone marrow without excessive loss or dilution.
3Manufacturing precision
If filtration is performed, then bone marrow can be separated from cancellous bone, but the process time increases
Solution Approach 1:
Manual filtration is replaced with a mechanical filtration system using a plunger with press head. The mechanical pressure applied by the plunger forces liquid bone marrow through a filter at high speed, achieving complete separation within minutes. This mechanical substitution eliminates time-consuming manual filtration while maintaining high separation quality.
Solution Approach 2:
The filtration process utilizes changes in physical parameters - specifically applying high mechanical pressure through the plunger to transform the state of bone marrow from mixed suspension to separated liquid and solid components. This parameter change enables rapid and efficient separation.
4Speed
If high-speed drilling and reaming are used, then intermedullary canal can be created quickly, but bone yield may be reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The surgical procedure maintains continuous useful action by immediately following high-speed canal creation with loosening and suction extraction. The loosening step ensures that all cancellous bone and bone marrow are made accessible to the suction tube, maximizing yield while maintaining the speed advantage of high-speed drilling and reaming.
Solution Approach 2:
Loosening of cancellous bone is performed as a preliminary action before suction extraction. This preliminary step ensures that all bone and marrow materials are made accessible to the suction mechanism, maximizing the yield from the high-speed created canal while preparing the site for efficient extraction.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This method achieves unexpectedly high yields of cancellous bone and bone marrow, with up to 20 cc of each obtainable within 8 minutes, suitable for use as an autograft, by effectively separating and collecting the bone marrow and cancellous bone without dilution or suction-induced loss.
Implementation Method 1
inserting a suction tube through the intermedullary canal and extracting the loosened cancellous bone and bone marrow along the intermedullary canal through the suction tube
Implementation Method 2
attaching a second lid to the first cup of the collection container, the second lid having a plunger with a press head configured to filter the extracted liquid contained in the first cup; filtering the extracted liquid by depressing the plunger of the second lid toward a bottom of the first cup
Data Source
AI summary
Methods of harvesting cancellous bone and bone marrow include extracting loosened cancellous bone and bone marrow—including a liquid component thereof—to a collection container that has a first cup and a suction port to which a suction source is connected. After extraction, the suction source is disconnected and a lid of the collection container is removed and replaced with a lid having a plunger with a press head that is configured to filter the extracted liquid by depressing the plunger toward a bottom of the first cup. The filtered liquid is poured through a suction port into a second cup while depressing the plunger, thereby separating the liquid from a semi-solid mass of cancellous bone that remains. The bone is extracted through a cortical opening in the femur, tibia, or calcaneus, or from an intermedullary canal that is preferably formed by reaming of the tibia using an orthopedic reamer.