Bone Resection Positioning System Using Gyroscopic and Depth Sensors
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current bone resection techniques during joint replacement surgeries face challenges in accurately controlling the direction and depth of bone resection due to tissue configuration and lack of precise depth detection, leading to potential deviations and inaccuracies.
Innovation Solution
A positioning system integrated with a gyroscopic sensor and depth sensor in the resection driver, along with positioning markers and signal emitters, provides real-time feedback on angular deviation and depth, ensuring accurate alignment and depth control through audible, visual, or electronic signals.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If a reference pin is inserted in the bone to mark the reference direction, then the reference direction for cutting is established, but the reference pin bends when the reamer is pushed forward due to tissue configuration, causing loss of correct resection direction
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the mechanical reference pin system with a magnetic field-based sensing system. Instead of relying on a physical pin that can bend, the invention uses a magnetic element attached to the resection driver and a magnetic sensor to detect angular deviation. This substitution eliminates the mechanical vulnerability while maintaining directional reference functionality.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces a magnetic field as an intermediary between the resection driver and the sensing system. The magnetic element on the driver interacts with the magnetic sensor through the magnetic field, allowing indirect measurement of angular position without direct mechanical contact that could cause bending or distortion.
2Device complexity
If traditional mechanical alignment sensing techniques are used, then the system is simple, but the accuracy of direction and depth detection is unsatisfactory
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces complex mechanical alignment sensing mechanisms with electronic sensors. The magnetic sensor and gyroscopic sensor provide precise digital measurements of angular deviation, eliminating the need for complex mechanical linkages and sight lines while significantly improving measurement accuracy.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements real-time feedback through electronic sensors that continuously monitor angular deviation and provide immediate information to the surgeon. The magnetic sensor detects changes in magnetic field position, and the gyroscopic sensor provides continuous orientation data, enabling dynamic adjustment during the resection process.
3Device complexity
If no depth detection system is implemented, then the instrumentation is simpler, but the surgeon cannot accurately control or detect the resection depth
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the need for complex mechanical depth measurement mechanisms with electronic sensing. The magnetic sensor system detects depth by measuring the position of the magnetic element along the resection driver, providing accurate digital depth measurement without mechanical complexity.
4Measurement precision
If customized blocks with sensors and calculators are used to determine position, then positioning accuracy is improved, but the system becomes costly and requires significant programming and heavy memory
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts only the essential sensing functions needed for positioning, eliminating the need for customized blocks with extensive programming and calculation capabilities. The magnetic sensor and gyroscopic sensor provide direct measurements that require minimal processing, removing unnecessary complexity while maintaining positioning accuracy.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This solution enables surgeons to perform precise bone resections with improved accuracy and safety, ensuring correct implant positioning and reducing the risk of deviation or over-resection.
Implementation Method 1
a gyroscopic sensor integral in motion with the resection driver and adapted to sense a deviation angle with respect to a reference direction
Implementation Method 2
the depth sensor comprises a magnetic sensor adapted to detect magnetic field variations induced by the longitudinal displacement of the resection driver with respect to the magnetic element
Implementation Method 3
The magnetic sensor is a Hall-effect sensor
Implementation Method 4
the depth sensor comprises an optical signal emitter on a first side of the reference pin, a receiver adapted to detect the optical signal on the other side of the reference pin
Data Source
AI summary
This positioning system (100) for a bone resecting instrumentation comprising a resection driver (2), comprises at least one of a gyroscopic sensor (8) integral in motion with the resection driver (2) and adapted to sense a deviation angle (θ) with respect to a reference direction (X), and at least one positioning marker (12; 140) marking a fixed position on the reference direction (X), and a depth sensor (10; 18) integral in motion with the resection driver (2), for detecting a resection depth (d) based on the relative longitudinal positions of the positioning marker (12; 140) and the depth sensor (10).The invention also concerns a positioning kit including such a positioning system and a separate electronic device.