Bone Implant Tool Magnetic Disengagement Mechanism
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current bone drilling tools in surgery rely heavily on operator experience to avoid damaging soft tissues and often result in excessive force, speed, and temperature, leading to osteonecrosis and instability in bone implants.
Innovation Solution
A tool with a sleeve, transmission rod, and drilling rod mechanism using magnets to disengage upon drilling through the bone, combined with stabilizing members and a cooling system to reduce friction, noise, and temperature, ensuring precise hole drilling and avoiding soft tissue damage.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If manual drilling operation is used with operator control, then flexibility in operation is maintained, but risk of soft tissue damage increases due to excessive force and speed
Solution Approach 1:
The drilling system performs self-control through the magnetic coupling mechanism. When the drill bit contacts the bone, the magnetic attraction automatically maintains optimal drilling pressure without operator intervention. The system self-regulates the drilling force by maintaining constant magnetic coupling between the transmission rod and drilling rod, eliminating the need for manual force application and preventing excessive pressure on soft tissues.
Solution Approach 2:
The manual mechanical control system is replaced with a magnetic field-based control system. Instead of relying on operator hand strength and sensation to control drilling force, the patent uses magnetic attraction forces to automatically regulate the drilling process. This substitution of mechanical control with magnetic field control eliminates the variability and risk associated with manual operation.
2Productivity
If high drilling speed is used to complete surgery faster, then productivity increases, but temperature of drilling components exceeds 47°C causing osteonecrosis
Solution Approach 1:
A cooling medium is introduced as an intermediary between the drilling components and the surrounding environment. The cooling medium flows through channels in the drilling rod and transmission rod, absorbing excess heat generated during high-speed drilling. This intermediary cooling system enables maintained high drilling speeds while preventing temperature from exceeding the 47°C threshold that causes osteonecrosis.
3Duration of action of moving object
If continuous drilling force is applied to maintain bit contact with bone, then drilling function is maintained, but damage to nearby soft tissue occurs when bone is drilled through
Solution Approach 1:
The magnetic coupling system provides continuous feedback on the drilling state. When the drill bit penetrates through the bone, the change in magnetic coupling force is detected, automatically signaling the system to reduce or stop the drilling force. This feedback mechanism ensures drilling continuity during bone penetration while preventing excessive force application that would damage soft tissues on the other side of the bone.
4Device complexity
If traditional drilling tools are used without cooling system, then device complexity is reduced, but temperature rise causes osteonecrosis
Solution Approach 1:
The drilling rod and transmission rod are designed with multi-functionality, serving both as structural components for power transmission and as thermal management components. Cooling channels are integrated into the existing rod structures, allowing the same components to perform both mechanical and thermal functions. This universal design approach adds cooling capability without significantly increasing overall device complexity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The tool effectively prevents soft tissue damage, reduces noise and vibration, maintains low temperature, and enhances drilling precision and stability, thereby reducing the risk of osteonecrosis and improving the initial-stage stability of bone implants.
Implementation Method 1
Two magnets are disposed in the first compartment and the second compartment, respectively. Two same poles respectively of the two magnets face each other. A repulsive force between the two magnets disengages the plurality of second teeth from the plurality of first teeth when the bone is drilled through.
Data Source
AI summary
A tool for a bone implant includes a sleeve and a transmission rod including a transmission member disposed on an end of a shaft. Another end of the shaft is located outside of the sleeve. The transmission member is received in the sleeve and includes a first compartment and a plurality of first teeth surrounding the first compartment. A drilling rod includes a second compartment and a plurality of second teeth surrounding the second compartment. A coupling portion is disposed between the second compartment and a bit. The coupling portion is coupled with the sleeve. The bit is located outside of the sleeve. Two magnets are disposed in the first and second compartments, respectively. Two same poles respectively of the two magnets face each other.