Organic Electrolyte with Borate and Ionic Metal Complex
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Solution Overview
Problem
Lithium batteries face degradation due to irreversible reactions and gas production in carbonate-based organic electrolytes, leading to the formation of high-resistance solid electrolyte interfaces, which shorten their lifespan.
Innovation Solution
An organic electrolytic solution comprising a lithium salt, a borate compound, and an ionic metal complex, which inhibits gas production and forms low-resistance solid electrolyte interfaces, improving ion conductivity, heat resistance, and chemical stability.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If carbonate-based organic electrolyte is used, then ion conductivity is improved, but gas production occurs and solid electrolyte interface resistance increases
Solution Approach 1:
A borate compound is introduced as an intermediary substance between the lithium salt and the carbonate-based organic electrolyte. This borate compound mediates the interaction, enabling the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interface while suppressing gas production, thus resolving the contradiction between maintaining ion conductivity and preventing harmful gas generation.
Solution Approach 2:
The chemical composition parameters of the electrolyte system are changed by adding specific borate compounds with defined molecular structures (Formula 1) and ionic metal complexes (Formula 2). This parameter change modifies the interface formation mechanism, reducing gas production while maintaining necessary ion conductivity for battery operation.
2Productivity
If lithium salt reacts with organic solvent, then charge and discharge processes occur, but organic solvent is consumed and gas is produced
Solution Approach 1:
The borate compound acts as an intermediary that protects the organic solvent from direct reaction with the lithium salt during charge and discharge cycles. This mediation reduces organic solvent consumption while still allowing the necessary electrochemical reactions to proceed for battery operation.
Solution Approach 2:
The borate compound initially appears to add complexity to the system, but it actually converts the harmful side reaction (lithium salt reacting with organic solvent) into a beneficial process by forming a protective interface layer that prevents further solvent decomposition and gas production, thereby extending battery lifespan.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution significantly enhances the lifespan characteristics and stability of lithium batteries by reducing gas production and solid electrolyte interface resistance, thereby improving battery performance.
Implementation Method 1
An organic solvent that has high ion conductivity, a high dielectric constant, and low viscosity
Implementation Method 2
an irreversible reaction may occur during an initial charging process, in which an excessive amount of electric charge is consumed due to a side reaction between a cathode/anode and an electrolytic solution. As a result of the irreversible reaction, passivation layers such as a solid electrolyte interface (hereinafter "SEI") may be formed on a surface of the anode
Data Source
AI summary
Provided are an organic electrolytic solution and a lithium battery including the organic electrolytic solution, wherein the organic electrolytic solution includes an organic solvent, a lithium salt, a borate compound represented by Formula 1 below, and an ionic metal complex represented by Formula 2 below:wherein R1, R2, and R3 are each independently a hydrogen; a C1-C5 alkyl group substituted or unsubstituted with a halogen; or a C1-C5 cyanoalkyl group substituted or unsubstituted with a halogen, at least one of the R1, R2, and R3 includes a cyanoalkyl group, Me is an element selected from the group consisting of transition metals and Groups 13 to 15 elements of the periodic table, M is a metal ion, a is an integer from 1 to 3, b is an integer from 1 to 3, s=b/a, p is an integer from 0 to 8, q is 0 or 1, r is an integer from 1 to 4, X1 and X2 are each independently O, S, or NR6, R4 and R6 are each independently a halogen, a C1-C5 alkyl group substituted or unsubstituted with a halogen, or a C1-C5 aryl group substituted or unsubstituted with a halogen, and R5 is a C1-C5 alkylene group substituted or unsubstituted with a halogen or a C4-C10 arylene group substituted or unsubstituted with a halogen.