Boron Condensed Cyclic Compounds Limiting π–π Stacking in Light Emitters
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing light-emitting devices face challenges in achieving improved luminescence efficiency and lifespan characteristics due to intermolecular interactions and reduced sublimation temperatures, particularly when using condensed cyclic compounds with lower molecular weights.
Innovation Solution
Incorporating a condensed cyclic compound with a specific surface area to volume ratio less than or equal to 0.9 Å⁻¹ and a molecular weight greater than or equal to 1,000 g/mol, which includes a boron atom and nitrogen atoms, enhances stability and reduces intermolecular interactions, thereby improving luminescence efficiency and lifespan.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of manufacture
If condensed cyclic compounds with lower molecular weights are used, then the device complexity is reduced and ease of manufacture is improved, but luminescence efficiency and lifespan deteriorate due to intermolecular interactions
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by specifically controlling the molecular weight to be greater than or equal to 1,000 g/mol and the surface area to volume ratio to be less than or equal to 0.9 Å⁻¹. These parameter thresholds are designed to minimize intermolecular interactions while maintaining ease of manufacture, thereby resolving the contradiction between manufacturing simplicity and device reliability.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs composite materials by combining specific structural features (boron atom, nitrogen atoms in cyclic groups) with controlled molecular weight and surface area to volume ratio parameters. This composite approach creates compounds that simultaneously achieve ease of manufacture and improved luminescence efficiency and lifespan by reducing detrimental intermolecular interactions.
2Ease of manufacture
If condensed cyclic compounds with lower molecular weights are used, then the ease of manufacture is improved, but luminescence efficiency deteriorates due to intermolecular pi-pi stacking and Dexter energy transfer
Solution Approach 1:
The patent resolves this contradiction by establishing specific parameter ranges: molecular weight ≥ 1,000 g/mol and surface area to volume ratio ≤ 0.9 Å⁻¹. These parameter changes effectively reduce intermolecular pi-pi stacking and Dexter energy transfer, thereby improving luminescence efficiency while maintaining ease of manufacture through straightforward structural design principles.
3Use of energy by moving object
If compounds with higher molecular weight are used, then luminescence efficiency is improved by reducing intermolecular interactions, but sublimation temperature increases above 370°C
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by simultaneously controlling multiple parameters: molecular weight ≥ 1,000 g/mol, surface area to volume ratio ≤ 0.9 Å⁻¹, and sublimation temperature < 370°C. This multi-parameter optimization resolves the contradiction by finding the optimal balance point where luminescence efficiency is improved through reduced intermolecular interactions while sublimation temperature remains below the critical threshold.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses composite materials with specific structural characteristics (boron atom, nitrogen-containing cyclic groups) combined with controlled molecular weight and surface area to volume ratio. This composite approach allows achieving high luminescence efficiency while maintaining sublimation temperature below 370°C, resolving the contradiction between these two parameters.
4Ease of manufacture
If compounds with larger surface area to volume ratio are used, then ease of manufacture is improved, but intermolecular pi-pi stacking increases reducing luminescence efficiency
Solution Approach 1:
The patent resolves this contradiction by establishing a specific threshold for the surface area to volume ratio (≤ 0.9 Å⁻¹). This parameter change effectively minimizes intermolecular pi-pi stacking and Dexter energy transfer, thereby improving luminescence efficiency while maintaining ease of manufacture through simple structural design guidelines.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The use of these compounds results in improved luminescence efficiency and extended lifespan of light-emitting devices by minimizing intermolecular pi-pi stacking and Dexter energy transfer, while maintaining a sublimation temperature below 370°C.
Implementation Method 1
maintaining a sublimation temperature below 370°C
Implementation Method 2
Carriers, such as the holes and the electrons, recombine in the emission layer to produce excitons. These excitons may transition from an excited state to a ground state, thereby generating light.
Implementation Method 3
improving luminescence efficiency and lifespan of light-emitting devices by minimizing intermolecular pi-pi stacking and Dexter energy transfer
Implementation Method 4
improving luminescence efficiency and lifespan of light-emitting devices by minimizing intermolecular pi-pi stacking and Dexter energy transfer
Data Source
AI summary
Embodiments provide a condensed cyclic compound, a light-emitting device that includes the condensed cyclic compound, and an electronic apparatus that includes the light-emitting device. The light-emitting device includes a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and an interlayer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer, wherein the interlayer includes the condensed cyclic compound. The condensed cyclic compound includes a boron (B) atom, a ratio of a surface area to volume of the condensed cyclic compound has a value less than or equal to about 0.9 Å−1, and a molecular weight of the condensed cyclic compound is greater than or equal to about 1,000 g/mol.