Closed-Loop Brain Stimulation Feedback Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current transcranial infrared laser stimulation (TILS) lacks a feedback control mechanism to optimize dosage, timing, and location of light source for enhanced brain stimulation, which is crucial for cognitive and memory function enhancement, particularly in middle-aged and older adults at risk for cognitive decline.
Innovation Solution
A system incorporating a light source, controller, signal detecting unit, and processor that uses Fourier Transform analysis and machine learning algorithms to adjust the dosage, timing, and location of brain stimulation based on detected signals from EEG, fMRI, and BOLD data, ensuring optimal results through a feedback loop control.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If transcranial infrared laser stimulation is applied to enhance brain metabolism and cognitive functions, then cerebral oxygenation and mitochondrial respiration are improved, but without feedback control the dosage, timing and location cannot be optimized
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a feedback control system that monitors brain activity signals (such as EEG, fMRI, or NIRS data) and uses this information to dynamically adjust the dosage, timing, and location of infrared laser stimulation. The controller receives real-time feedback from the subject's brain state and modulates the light source parameters accordingly, enabling closed-loop optimization of photobiomodulation therapy for cognitive enhancement.
2Measurement precision
If feedback control mechanism is implemented to optimize dosage, timing and location of light source, then optimal brain stimulation results are achieved, but device complexity and system requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a feedback control system that monitors brain activity signals (such as EEG, fMRI, or NIRS data) and uses this information to dynamically adjust the dosage, timing, and location of infrared laser stimulation. The controller receives real-time feedback from the subject's brain state and modulates the light source parameters accordingly, enabling closed-loop optimization of photobiomodulation therapy for cognitive enhancement.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces a controller as an intermediary component that bridges the signal detecting unit and the light source. This controller processes brain activity signals and translates them into appropriate stimulation parameters, serving as a mediator that simplifies the overall system architecture while achieving precise control of dosage, timing, and location for optimal brain stimulation.
3Duration of action of stationary object
If continuous brain stimulation is applied to maintain cognitive enhancement, then metabolic benefits are sustained, but risk of overheating and excessive energy consumption increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs periodic or pulsed infrared laser stimulation rather than continuous illumination. The controller modulates the light source to deliver stimulation in controlled intervals, allowing brain tissue to dissipate heat between pulses and preventing overheating. This periodic action maintains metabolic benefits while managing thermal load and energy consumption.
Solution Approach 2:
The feedback control system monitors brain activity and physiological parameters to dynamically adjust stimulation duration and intensity. When thermal load or energy consumption approaches thresholds, the system automatically reduces or pauses stimulation, preventing overheating while maintaining cognitive enhancement benefits through optimized dosing schedules.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system effectively enhances cognitive functions by improving cerebral oxygenation and mitochondrial respiration, demonstrated by significant improvements in reaction time, memory, and brain synchronization in older adults, with adjustments made to achieve peak hormetic doses and prevent overheating.
Implementation Method 1
Photobiomodulation involves the absorption of photons and the subsequent modulation of metabolic processes in cells, including neurons. For red to near-infrared light, the major intracellular molecule absorbing photons is cytochrome c oxidase (CCO), a mitochondrial respiratory enzyme
Implementation Method 2
the detected signal is processed through Fourier Transform (FT) with at least one predetermined time window, which is divided by the value of the detected signal transformed by FT and integrated for a predetermined bandwidth to generate a normalized FT signals
Data Source
AI summary
A system for in vivo and transcranial stimulation of brain tissue of a subject may include at least one light source; a controller to control operation of the light source; a signal detecting unit and a processor configured to receive a signal from the signal detecting unit; analyze the signal and generate a feedback signal to the controller to control the light source until optimal results are obtained, wherein the detected signal is an electroencephalogram (EEG) signal, on which local peak frequencies are extracted and recorded periodically and repeatedly within a predetermined time frame before, during and after light stimulation, and the feedback signal is generated by comparing the local peak frequencies of before, during and after the brain stimulation to determine if brain synchronization occurs and sustains, and the feedback signal is generated.