Branched Polyalkyleneamine Synthesis via Transamination
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing methods for producing high molecular weight, branched, acyclic polyalkyleneamines often result in product mixtures with significant cyclic and linear non-branched species, failing to effectively control the formation of desired higher molecular weight, branched, acyclic polyalkyleneamines needed for various applications.
Innovation Solution
A transamination process using a reaction mixture of a first linear polyalkyleneamine and a second branched polyalkyleneamine in the presence of a hydrogenation/dehydrogenation catalyst, minimizing cyclic amine formation and allowing adjustment of the molar ratio to produce high molecular weight, branched, acyclic polyalkyleneamines.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If conventional transamination methods are used to produce high molecular weight polyalkyleneamines, then production efficiency is improved, but the product mixture contains significant cyclic and linear non-branched species instead of desired branched acyclic species
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the molecular weight parameters of the reactants by using higher molecular weight starting materials (至少2个非叔胺基团的线性聚亚烷基胺和至少3个氮原子的支化聚亚烷基胺) compared to conventional low molecular weight amines. This parameter change shifts the reaction outcome to favor formation of high molecular weight branched acyclic products while minimizing cyclic byproducts, thus resolving the contradiction between productivity and manufacturing precision.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies local quality by selecting reactants with specific structural characteristics - linear polyalkyleneamines with non-tertiary amine groups separated by at least a ternary carbon atom spacing, and branched polyalkyleneamines with specific nitrogen atom counts. These localized structural qualities in the reactants drive the transamination reaction to produce predominantly branched acyclic products at high molecular weights, achieving both high productivity and precise product composition control.
2Ease of manufacture
If existing production methods are used, then general polyalkyleneamine production is achieved, but control over formation of higher molecular weight branched acyclic species is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs parameter changes by selecting reactants with specific molecular weight thresholds (higher molecular weights than conventional processes) and specific structural parameters (number of nitrogen atoms, spacing between amine groups). These parameter selections simplify the manufacturing process by directly controlling product distribution through reactant choice, eliminating the need for complex process controls while achieving precise formation of high molecular weight branched acyclic species.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies preliminary action by pre-selecting reactants with optimal molecular weights and structures before the transamination reaction. The linear polyalkyleneamine reactant is specifically chosen to have at least two non-tertiary amine groups separated by at least a ternary carbon atom spacing, and the branched polyalkyleneamine is selected to have at least three nitrogen atoms. This preliminary selection of reactant qualities ensures that the reaction proceeds directly to the desired high molecular weight branched acyclic products without requiring subsequent separation or purification steps.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This method efficiently generates high molecular weight, branched, acyclic polyalkyleneamines with minimal cyclic species, offering better control over product composition and suitability for diverse applications, including paper manufacturing, water treatment, and as epoxy curing agents.
Implementation Method 1
A transamination process using a reaction mixture of a first linear polyalkyleneamine and a second branched polyalkyleneamine in the presence of a hydrogenation/dehydrogenation catalyst
Implementation Method 2
in the presence of a hydrogenation/dehydrogenation catalyst
Data Source
AI summary
A process for preparing high molecular weight, branched, acyclic polyalkyleneamines comprising transaminating a reaction mixture that includes at least a first polyalkyleneamine component that contains at least two non-tertiary amine groups separated from one another by a ternary or higher carbon atom and a second polyalkyleneamine component having the formula wherein x, y, and z are the same or different and are integers of from 1 to 10; a, b, c, d, e, and f are the same or different and are H or hydrocarbyl of from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; A, B, C, D, E, are the same or different and are H or hydrocarbyl of from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; provided that at least two of the amine groups are primary or secondary.