Portable Electrofilter for Breath Particle Collection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing electrostatic precipitators are not suitable for portable applications and have high energy consumption when used for extracting submicron particles from exhaled breath, particularly for the purpose of pathogen collection and analysis.

Innovation Solution

A portable electrofilter device with a cooling system for creating droplets by condensation of water vapor in exhaled breath, a droplet collector with a latticed side wall converging towards a flow orifice, and a discharge electrode mounted inside the droplet catcher, which attracts and collects particles using electrostatic forces, connected to a microfluidic system for analysis.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If water spray cleaners are used to collect submicron particles, then collection efficiency is improved, but water consumption increases to very large quantities (several tens of liters per hour)

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecollection efficiencyVSAvoidwater consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The invention changes the physical state and concentration parameters of water by using vapor instead of liquid spray, and by controlling the vaporization process to achieve efficient particle collection with minimal water quantity. The vapor phase allows for better distribution and reduced water consumption while maintaining collection efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The invention utilizes phase transition of water from liquid to vapor form. By vaporizing water and introducing it into the electrostatic precipitation chamber, the system achieves effective particle collection through condensation on particle surfaces without requiring large quantities of liquid water, thus resolving the contradiction between collection efficiency and water consumption.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #36Phase transitions

2Weight of moving object

If electrostatic precipitators are designed for portable applications, then device portability is improved, but energy consumption increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedevice portabilityVSAvoidenergy consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
Weight of moving objectVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The invention merges multiple functions into a single integrated device: the electrostatic precipitation chamber serves as both the particle collection device and the water vaporization chamber. This consolidation eliminates the need for separate water spray systems and reduces overall device complexity and weight, improving portability while maintaining energy efficiency through the combined thermal and electrical processes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention optimizes electrical parameters by using controlled voltage application only during the vaporization and collection phases, rather than continuous operation. The energy consumption is reduced by timing the high-voltage application to coincide with vapor introduction, creating a more energy-efficient portable system that maintains effective particle collection.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Reliability

If water vapor is introduced to enhance submicron particle collection, then particle sensitivity to electric field is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveparticle sensitivity to electric fieldVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The invention combines the water vaporization function directly within the electrostatic precipitation chamber by introducing a vapor source into the chamber. This integration eliminates the need for separate external vapor generation systems and complex delivery mechanisms, thereby enhancing particle sensitivity through vapor introduction while keeping the device structure simple and suitable for portable applications.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables efficient and energy-efficient collection and analysis of particles, including pathogens, from exhaled breath in a portable system, improving the collection of submicron particles without the need for large water quantities.

Implementation Method 1

a cooling system for creating droplets by condensation of the water vapor contained in the exhaled breath

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCondensation: Condensation

Implementation Method 2

The discharge electrode is designed to create a flow of ions from an ionized gas pocket surrounding this electrode

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCorona discharge: Corona Discharge

Implementation Method 3

Coming from this pocket, a flow of ions, called ionic wind, sweeps the majority of the inter-electrode space

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectIon wind: Ion Wind

Implementation Method 4

said side wall of said droplet catcher defining a counter electrode to said discharge electrode for attracting droplets collecting particles carried by exhaled breath to said side wall

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrostatic attraction: Electrostatics

Implementation Method 5

An electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is a device designed to extract particles from a gas, such as air, using the electrostatic forces produced by an electric field

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrostatic precipitation: Electrostatic Deposition

Data Source

PatentEP2108456B1Device for extracting particles from exhaled breath
Publication Date: 2013.08.14 COMMISSARIAT A LENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES
  • EP2108456B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2108456B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2108456B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A breath particle extraction device comprising a cooling system (16) for creating droplets by condensation of the water vapor contained in the breath; a droplet collector (7) having a side wall (2) having a mesh shape and converging towards a flow orifice (9), allowing the droplets attracted towards said side wall (2) to flow along it towards the flow orifice (9); and a discharge electrode (1) mounted inside the droplet collector (7), said side wall (2) of said droplet collector (7) defining a counter electrode to said discharge electrode (1) for attracting droplets collecting particles carried by the breath towards said side wall (2).