Hybrid RF Duplexer With Bridge-Coupled Air Cavity and CWGF
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in efficiently combining air cavity filters and ceramic waveguide filters for frequency division duplex applications due to differences in design, size, and materials, leading to additional loss and complexity, particularly in dual band duplexer structures.
Innovation Solution
The development of hybrid structures that combine air cavity resonators with ceramic waveguide resonators, utilizing bridges and strategically aligned windows to couple energy efficiently, minimizing additional loss and achieving compact, high-performance duplexers and multiplexers with reduced weight and complexity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If air cavity filters are used for transmission and CWGF for reception, then frequency selectivity and energy storage capability are improved, but device complexity and difficulty in combining the two filter types increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines air cavity resonators and ceramic waveguide resonators into a single integrated hybrid filter structure. The air cavity resonator and CWGF are positioned adjacent to each other with their respective windows aligned, forming a unified device that achieves both high Q performance and compact design without requiring separate filter assemblies or complex external matching networks.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces a bridge structure as an intermediary element that couples energy between the air cavity resonator and the CWGF. This bridge acts as a mediator that facilitates efficient energy transfer between the two different filter types, enabling them to work together as a cohesive system while maintaining their individual advantages.
2Ease of manufacture
If PCB with transmission lines and cable connection is used to combine air cavity filter and CWGF, then connection between filters is achieved, but additional loss increases due to difficulty in selecting best cable length
Solution Approach 1:
The patent removes the external cable and PCB connection elements from the filter combination system. By integrating the coupling function directly into the filter structure through aligned windows and a bridge, it eliminates the sources of additional loss associated with external connections while maintaining manufacturing ease.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent merges the connection function into the filter structure itself by positioning the air cavity resonator and CWGF adjacent to each other with aligned windows. This integration eliminates the need for separate cables and PCBs, reducing additional loss while maintaining ease of manufacture through a unified structure.
3Manufacturing precision
If T-junction matching principle is used to match PCB to air cavity filter, then matching at antenna port is achieved, but matching for all ports of dual band duplexer cannot be provided
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates a universal coupling structure that can match all ports of the dual band duplexer simultaneously. The bridge structure combined with aligned windows provides a multi-functional coupling mechanism that handles both transmit and receive ports effectively, unlike the T-junction method which is limited to single-port matching.
4Reliability
If air cavity filter and CWGF are combined with different sizes and materials, then high Q and compactness are achieved, but design and operation differences increase complexity
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by allowing different materials and structures in different regions of the hybrid filter. The air cavity resonator maintains its high Q characteristics with its specific geometry and material properties, while the CWGF provides compactness with its ceramic construction. The bridge structure locally couples these different regions, enabling each component to maintain its optimal local properties while functioning as a unified whole.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The hybrid structures provide efficient energy coupling with minimal additional loss, achieving high performance and compactness, supporting single band, dual band, and multiband configurations, and offering improved matching across all ports of a dual band duplexer structure.
Implementation Method 1
a first bridge having a length that extends from the resonator post through the first window of the air cavity resonator into an interior region of the CWG resonator
Implementation Method 2
the first CWG resonator is configured to support a transverse electric (TE) mode with a magnetic field aligned with a magnetic field supported by the air cavity resonator
Implementation Method 3
the opening being parallel to and at least partially aligned with the first window of the air cavity resonator to couple energy between the air cavity resonator and the CWG resonator
Data Source
AI summary
Hybrid structures, filters and duplexers are disclosed. According to one aspect, a radio frequency (RF) duplexer includes a common resonator coupled to at least one chamber of an air cavity filter, a first ceramic waveguide filter. CWGF, having a first opening in a first CWG wall of the first CWGF, the first opening at least partially aligned with a first window of the common resonator to couple energy between the common resonator and the CWGF, and a second CWGF having a second opening in a second CWG wall of the second CWGF, the second opening at least partially aligned with the second window of the common resonator to couple energy between the air cavity resonator and the CWGF.