Disazo Acid Dye Structure for Polyamide Light and Wet Fastness
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Solution Overview
Problem
There is a need for acid dyes with improved properties, particularly those that can effectively dye organic substrates such as natural and synthetic polyamides with enhanced fastness and compatibility, while existing acid dyes may not provide consistent and high-quality coloration across various substrates.
Innovation Solution
Development of novel acid dyes with specific structural formulas that include bridging members and sulpho groups, allowing for improved compatibility and fastness properties, specifically designed for dyeing fibrous materials like wool, silk, and nylon, which can be prepared through conventional diazotization and coupling processes.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional acid dyes are used for dyeing organic substrates, then the dyeing process is simple and cost-effective, but the fastness properties (light and wet fastness) are insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies composite material principles by creating disazo dye molecules with multiple functional components: bridging members (aromatic hydrocarbons with 9-13 carbon atoms), terminal groups (N,N-disubstituted aromatic amines), and sulpho groups. This composite molecular structure combines the benefits of each component to achieve superior light and wet fastness properties while maintaining dyeing effectiveness on polyamide substrates.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements local quality by strategically placing specific functional groups at different positions within the dye molecule. The bridging member provides the core structure, while terminal groups and sulpho groups are positioned to optimize interactions with polyamide substrates. This localized functional distribution enhances fastness properties without requiring complete structural redesign.
2Reliability
If acid dyes with improved fastness properties are developed, then light and wet fastness are enhanced, but the compatibility across various polyamide substrates becomes inconsistent
Solution Approach 1:
The patent achieves universality by designing dye molecules with polyfunctional structures that can interact with multiple types of polyamide substrates. The bridging members with 9-13 carbon atoms provide a versatile hydrophobic core, while the terminal groups and sulpho groups offer multiple interaction mechanisms (hydrogen bonding, ionic interactions, van der Waals forces). This multi-functional design enables consistent performance across wool, silk, nylon and other polyamide fibers.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies parameter changes by systematically varying the carbon atom count in bridging members (9-13 carbons), the types of terminal groups, and the position/number of sulpho groups. These parameter adjustments create a series of dye variants that can be optimized for different polyamide substrates while maintaining core fastness properties, thus achieving both improved fastness and broad substrate compatibility.
3Manufacturing precision
If novel disazo dye structures with specific bridging members are synthesized, then exhaustion rates and color consistency improve, but the synthesis process becomes more complex
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements segmentation by dividing the dye synthesis into distinct modular steps: preparation of diazonium salts from primary aromatic amines, coupling reactions with secondary aromatic amines to form azo bonds, and subsequent modifications to introduce sulpho groups. Each step can be independently optimized and controlled, ensuring consistent color quality while managing synthesis complexity through standardized procedural segments.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The novel acid dyes achieve high fastness levels, particularly in light and wet conditions, with excellent exhaustion rates and color consistency, making them suitable for a range of polyamide fibers and allowing for use in Inkjet printing and other dyeing processes.
Implementation Method 1
both the amine functions of compounds of the formula (II) which are known from the literature are conventionally diazotized and coupled onto totally two equivalents of a compound of the formula (IIIa) and of a compound of the formula (IIIb)
Implementation Method 2
the bis-diazotized diamine is allowed to react with the compound (IIIa) or with the compound (IIIb), preferably in aqueous solution
Data Source
AI summary
Compounds of the general formula (I) whereby the substituents are defined in claim 1, a process for their preparation and their use for dyeing and/or printing organic substrates.