Bridged Graphite Oxide Diamine Cross-Linking

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Solution Overview

Problem

Graphite oxide materials used as fillers in polymer composites often experience excessive sliding of sheets and delamination due to uncontrolled interlayer spacing, leading to poor physical properties, and existing intercalation methods fail to maintain stable spacing upon heating or removal of intercalants.

Innovation Solution

The development of bridged graphite oxide materials, where multiple graphite oxide sheets are covalently linked by diamine bridging groups, which can be tailored for specific interlayer spacings and stability, reducing susceptibility to delamination and sliding.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If graphite oxide sheets are intercalated with organic molecules to expand gallery spacing, then dispersability and compatibility are enhanced, but the layered structure becomes susceptible to delamination and sliding between sheets

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvedispersability and compatibilityVSAvoidlayered structure stability

Core Design Contradiction:

Adaptability or versatilityVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by introducing cross-linking agents (diamines) during the intercalation process to form covalent bonds between graphite oxide sheets before delamination or sliding can occur. This pre-established chemical bonding prevents the structural instability that would otherwise result from intercalation-induced expansion.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a composite structure by combining graphite oxide sheets with cross-linking agents (diamines) to form a hybrid material. This composite approach integrates the dispersability benefits of intercalation with the structural stability provided by covalent cross-linking, resolving the contradiction between adaptability and stability.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #40Composite materials

2Adaptability or versatility

If intercalants are used to expand graphite oxide gallery spacing, then the material can be tuned for specific applications, but excessive expansion leads to delamination upon heating

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveinterlayer spacing tunabilityVSAvoidthermal stability

Core Design Contradiction:

Adaptability or versatilityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The cross-linking agents are introduced during intercalation to pre-establish covalent bonds that will maintain interlayer spacing at elevated temperatures. This preliminary structural reinforcement prevents thermal-induced delamination while preserving the tuned spacing for application-specific performance.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the chemical parameter of the interlayer by introducing cross-linking agents that form covalent bonds. This chemical modification allows the material to maintain expanded interlayer spacing at high temperatures, transforming the thermal response from delamination to stable maintained spacing.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #35Parameter changes

3Productivity

If graphite oxide sheets are used as fillers in polymer composites, then material properties can be enhanced, but excessive sliding of sheets leads to poor physical properties

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveenhanced material propertiesVSAvoidphysical properties

Core Design Contradiction:

ProductivityVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

Cross-linking agents are introduced during processing to pre-establish covalent bonds between graphite oxide sheets before the composite is subjected to stress or deformation. This preliminary bonding prevents excessive sliding that would otherwise occur during composite fabrication and service, preserving the enhanced material properties.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a triple-composite system combining polymer matrix, graphite oxide sheets, and cross-linking agents. This multi-component composite structure provides both the property enhancement from graphite oxide dispersion and the strength from covalent cross-linking, resolving the contradiction between productivity and strength.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #40Composite materials

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The bridged graphite oxide materials exhibit enhanced stability and tailored interlayer spacings, improving the physical properties of polymer composites and maintaining structural integrity under various conditions, including heating, by preventing excessive swelling and exfoliation.

Implementation Method 1

a plurality of graphite oxide sheets are bridged to at least one other graphite oxide sheet by at least one diamine bridging group

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectCovalent bonding: Chemical Bonding

Data Source

PatentUS7771824B2Bridged graphite oxide materials

Publication Date: 2010.08.10 THE TRUSTEES OF PRINCETON UNIV

AI summary

Bridged graphite oxide material comprising graphite sheets bridged by at least one diamine bridging group. The bridged graphite oxide material may be incorporated in polymer composites or used in adsorption media.