Bridging Waveguide Optical Coupling for Fluoride Microresonators

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Solution Overview

Problem

The challenge of efficiently coupling light to and from crystalline optical microresonators, particularly due to the low index of refraction of fluoride materials, which complicates integration with optical coupling mechanisms.

Innovation Solution

A photonic chip-based optical coupling device featuring a bridging waveguide structure that emulates a tapered optical fiber, allowing for efficient evanescent field coupling to optical microresonators, including those made from fluoride materials.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of operation

If tapered optical fibers are used for coupling, then coupling efficiency and flexibility are improved, but packaging complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoupling efficiencyVSAvoidpackaging complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent creates an on-chip waveguide structure that copies the functional characteristics of a tapered optical fiber, achieving the same evanescent field coupling capability without requiring actual tapered fibers and their complex alignment mechanisms

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces the mechanical fiber coupling system with an integrated photonic waveguide system, eliminating the need for manual fiber alignment and packaging while maintaining efficient optical coupling

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Ease of operation

If prism coupling is used, then coupling to crystalline microresonators is achieved, but coupling efficiency is limited to maximum 75%

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoupling capabilityVSAvoidcoupling efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent modifies the waveguide geometry parameters (width, height, taper angle) to optimize the evanescent field distribution, enabling superior coupling efficiency compared to conventional prism coupling methods

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Reliability

If fluoride crystalline materials are used, then transparency windows and quality factors are improved, but coupling difficulty increases due to low refractive index

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoptical quality factorVSAvoidcoupling difficulty
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces an intermediary waveguide structure with carefully engineered refractive index properties that bridges the optical mode mismatch between standard optical fibers and low-index fluoride crystalline microresonators

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a localized region in the waveguide with modified optical properties (different refractive index, geometry) specifically at the coupling interface to match the mode characteristics of the fluoride resonator

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Achieves close to critical coupling with a quality factor of 10^8, enabling robust and compact optical packaging of microresonators and facilitating applications such as injection locking of laser diodes.

Implementation Method 1

allowing for efficient evanescent field coupling to optical microresonators

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEvanescent field coupling: Total Internal Reflection

Data Source

PatentEP3769133B1Optical coupling device
Publication Date: 2025.05.07 ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FEDERALE DE LAUSANNE (EPFL)
  • EP3769133B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3769133B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP3769133B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

The present invention concerns an optical coupling device including at least one supporting layer comprising a first support wall and a second support wall. The at least one supporting layer comprises at least one bridging waveguide for coupling electromagnetic radiation to and from an optical resonator or optical device, the at least one bridging waveguide extending between the first support wall and the second support wall.