Stable Bromourea Preparation via Segmented Chlorination
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing methods for preparing bromourea solutions suffer from limited stability, especially at elevated temperatures, making them unsuitable for transportation and application in biocidal applications.
Innovation Solution
A method involving the reaction of a urea salt or adduct with an oxidizer like NaOCl, in a molar excess, to form a stable aqueous acidic bromourea composition, which can be further brominated by adding a bromide source, allowing for the creation of a biocidal solution with enhanced stability and efficacy.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If direct bromination of concentrated urea solution with Br2 is used to prepare bromourea, then biocidal activity is achieved, but stability under elevated temperatures deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The invention divides the bromination process into two separate stages: first preparing a stable chlorourea solution from urea and chlorine, then converting it to bromourea by adding sodium bromide. This segmentation allows the intermediate chlorourea to be stored and transported stably, and only converts to the active bromourea form when needed at the application site, resolving the contradiction between biocidal activity and thermal stability.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention performs preliminary preparation of chlorourea solution in advance, which can be stored and transported stably. The conversion to bromourea is then activated preliminarily at the application site by adding sodium bromide, ensuring the biocidal agent is formed just before use to maintain both stability during transport and activity during application.
2Ease of operation
If chlorourea solution is prepared and transported to treatment site, then transportation is enabled, but stability at higher temperatures deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the chemical composition parameters by using a specific molar ratio of urea to chlorine (at least 2:1, preferably at least 5:1) to prepare the chlorourea solution. This parameter optimization ensures the solution has sufficient stability for transportation while maintaining the capability to convert to active bromourea at the application site by adding sodium bromide.
3Stability of the object's composition
If bromourea solution is formed on-site by combining stable aqueous solutions, then stability during transportation is improved, but process complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The invention uses chlorourea solution as an intermediary substance that can be stably prepared and transported. At the application site, sodium bromide is added as another intermediary to convert the stable chlorourea into the active bromourea form. This use of intermediaries allows the system to maintain stability during transportation while enabling simple on-site conversion through a single mixing step.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The method produces a stable bromourea solution that maintains its biocidal properties, effectively reducing bacterial biofilms and providing a safer, more efficient means of application by forming the solution on-site, avoiding the drawbacks of previous methods.
Implementation Method 1
reacting a salt or adduct of urea of the general structure A-U with an oxidizer which is NaOCl
Implementation Method 2
reacting said salt or adduct with NaOCl, thereby forming chlorourea, and adding to said chlorourea a solution comprising NaBr, thereby obtaining a composition comprising bromourea
Data Source
AI summary
The invention provides a process for manufacturing biocidal compositions containing bromourea derivatives, including the reaction of salts or adducts of the urea derivatives with an oxidizer.