Buckling Optical Layer for 3D Multiview Displays

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Solution Overview

Problem

Goggleless 3D display systems face technical challenges due to the need to cover a large Field-Of-View (FOV) with physically larger and more expensive devices, inefficiencies in light emission, and higher power consumption compared to head-mounted displays (HMDs), particularly in mobile devices with limited battery life and high ambient light conditions.

Innovation Solution

A display device with a bendable light-emitting layer and a deformable optical layer that changes its optical powers in response to bending, allowing it to switch between 2D and 3D modes, and a method of determining the degree of bending to select the appropriate display mode, using a flexible optical layer that buckles into a lenticular array for 3D mode, reducing light emission to specific viewing angles.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If goggleless displays are used to provide a natural 3D scene without obstacles, then the viewer can see the surrounding real world, but the display must be physically large to cover a significant Field-Of-View which increases device size and cost

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveField-Of-View coverageVSAvoiddisplay device size
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSArea of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs a deformable optical layer that can dynamically change its shape between flat and buckled states. When buckled, it forms a lenticular array that directs light to specific viewing angles, enabling 3D multi-view display. This dynamic deformation allows a single compact device to provide a large effective Field-Of-View without requiring a physically large display area.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The optical layer changes its physical parameters (shape, curvature, buckling) to transform between 2D and 3D display modes. By controlling the degree of buckling, the system adjusts the optical path and viewing angles, effectively changing the Field-Of-View coverage without changing the physical size of the device.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Adaptability or versatility

If goggleless displays project images over a large angular range to make the picture visible from multiple positions, then multiple users can view the display, but much of the emitted light is wasted which increases power consumption

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemulti-position visibilityVSAvoidlight emission efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The buckled optical layer creates local regions (lenticular lenses) that concentrate light in specific directions. Each lenticular region directs light to a specific viewing angle or zone, ensuring that light is not wasted but rather precisely delivered to where it is needed - the viewing angles where users are positioned.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The system dynamically adjusts the optical path by deforming the optical layer into a buckled configuration that matches the desired viewing geometry. This allows the display to adapt light distribution to the actual viewer positions, improving energy efficiency compared to static wide-angle projection.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Productivity

If eye tracking systems are used to determine user position and line of sight, then 3D sub-images can be directed straight towards pupils reducing data and power consumption, but more hardware and process power are required which may limit the number of viewers

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedata handling efficiencyVSAvoidhardware requirements
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The display system uses the viewer's own head movements and position to passively determine the viewing angle. The buckled optical layer is configured to direct light to specific angles based on the natural geometry of the buckling, eliminating the need for active eye tracking hardware. The system serves itself by using the physical deformation to encode viewing direction information.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces complex electronic eye tracking systems with a passive mechanical/optical solution. Instead of using sensors and processors to detect eye position, the system uses the physical buckling of the optical layer to inherently direct light to specific viewing angles, substituting mechanical/optical guidance for electronic tracking.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

4Area of stationary object

If head mounted displays are used to cover a large Field-Of-View with compact optical constructions, then the device can be smaller and more efficient, but the viewer is put behind a looking glass that makes the experience feel artificial

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedisplay device sizeVSAvoidnatural viewing experience
Core Design Contradiction:
Area of stationary objectVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The display is segmented into multiple viewing zones through the lenticular array created by the buckled optical layer. Each lens in the array directs light to a specific viewing angle, creating multiple discrete viewing zones that can be independently controlled. This segmentation allows the compact display to provide a natural viewing experience by directing light precisely to where it is needed without requiring a large physical area.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables efficient 3D multi-view displays with improved power management and reduced complexity, maintaining high spatial resolution in 2D mode while providing a robust 3D experience without the need for extensive hardware or power-intensive eye tracking systems.

Implementation Method 1

Ordered buckling of an elastic optical layer under mechanical stress may be used to generate a 3D multi-view display structure from the flexible 2D display structure

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectBuckling:

Implementation Method 2

a flexible optical layer that buckles into a lenticular array for 3D mode

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElasticity: Elasticity

Implementation Method 3

The lenticular shape collimates light emitted from display pixels into narrow light beams in one direction, enabling rendering of a multi-view 3D image

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLight collimation: Lens

Data Source

PatentEP4022383B1Creating a 3D multiview display with elastic optical layer buckling
Publication Date: 2024.08.14 INTERDIGITAL VC HOLDINGS INC
  • EP4022383B1 patent drawingFigure 1A
  • EP4022383B1 patent drawingFigure 1B
  • EP4022383B1 patent drawingFigure 2

AI summary

Systems and methods are described for providing a display. In some embodiments, a display device includes a light-emitting layer with an addressable array of light-emitting elements such as OLEDs. A flexible optical layer overlays the light-emitting layer. The flexible optical layer has a plurality of lens regions, where optical powers of the lens regions change in response to changing levels of tensile or compressive force on the flexible optical layer. When no force is applied, the lens regions may have no optical power, and the display may operate as a 2D display. When force is applied (e.g. by bending the display), the lens regions may operate as cylindrical lenses in a lenticular array, and the display may be operated as a 3D multiview display.