Build Surface Heating Control for Uniform 3D Printing Temperature

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Solution Overview

Problem

In additive manufacturing, achieving a stable and homogeneous temperature distribution across the surface of build material is challenging, especially when using techniques like sintering, as regions with agents or melt material can lead to uneven heating, affecting the quality and accuracy of the final 3-D object.

Innovation Solution

A method and apparatus that monitor temperature zones, modulate temperature readings based on patterns formed on the surface, and control energy delivery to maintain a homogeneous temperature distribution by using sensors and an agent delivery system to adjust for emissivity variations, ensuring consistent heating across the surface.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Use of energy by moving object

If radiant heating is used to heat the surface of build material in additive manufacturing, then heating efficiency is improved, but temperature distribution becomes non-uniform due to emissivity variations

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheating efficiencyVSAvoidtemperature distribution uniformity
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The system applies different emissivity correction factors to different zones of the build surface based on local pattern characteristics. Each zone's temperature control is optimized independently by adjusting the emissivity correction factor according to the specific pattern (solid, hollow, dense, or sparse) present in that zone, thereby achieving uniform temperature distribution across the entire surface while maintaining efficient radiant heating.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Manufacturing precision

If temperature control is applied to maintain homogeneous heating, then build quality is improved, but system complexity increases due to multiple sensors and control calculations

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebuild qualityVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The build surface is divided into multiple zones, with temperature sensors distributed across different zones. This segmentation allows the system to monitor and control temperature locally in each zone rather than requiring a single complex control system for the entire surface, thereby improving build quality through localized temperature management while keeping the overall system architecture manageable through modular zoning.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The system continuously monitors temperature in each zone using distributed sensors and dynamically adjusts the emissivity correction factor based on real-time temperature feedback and pattern data. This closed-loop feedback mechanism maintains homogeneous temperature distribution and high build quality while using computationally efficient algorithms that avoid excessive system complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Manufacturing precision

If emissivity correction is applied to compensate for pattern variations, then temperature uniformity is improved, but measurement precision requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetemperature uniformityVSAvoidtemperature measurement precision
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The system pre-calculates emissivity correction factors for different pattern types (solid, hollow, dense, sparse) before the heating process begins. By determining these correction factors in advance based on the known pattern geometry, the system reduces the precision requirements for real-time temperature measurements during heating, as the majority of the correction is already accounted for through the pre-computed factors rather than requiring extremely precise real-time measurements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach ensures optimal energy control, prevents hot spots, and achieves a stable temperature distribution, improving the quality and mechanical properties of the 3-D object by maintaining consistent heating across the surface, reducing issues like non-homogeneous melting and material spreading.

Implementation Method 1

There is provided a method of controlling heating of a surface, comprising: monitoring a temperature of a plurality of zones of a surface to output at least one temperature reading for each of the plurality of zones

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal radiation detection: Thermal Radiation

Implementation Method 2

WO 92/08566 discloses a selective laser sintering apparatus with radiant heating

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRadiant heating: Thermal Radiation

Data Source

PatentEP3044008B1Method and apparatus for controlling heating of a surface of a layer of build material in additive manufacturing of an object
Publication Date: 2023.07.26 HEWLETT PACKARD DEVELOPMENT COMPANY LP
  • EP3044008B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3044008B1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP3044008B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

The heating of a surface is controlled by: monitoring the temperature of a plurality of zones of the surface to output at least one temperature reading of each of the plurality of zones. The temperature readings are modulated in response to a pattern arranged across a portion of the plurality of zones. The energy delivered to each of the plurality of zones is controlled based on the modulated temperature readings to maintain a substantially homogeneous temperature distribution across the surface.