Buoy Radar Sky-Wave Ionosphere Compensation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current ocean monitoring technologies, particularly ground-wave radar systems, face limitations in detection range, information accuracy, anti-interference ability, detection precision, and frequency resource management, which hinder effective real-time monitoring of ocean environments beyond coastal areas and high seas.
Innovation Solution
A buoy-type high frequency ground-wave radar system with dual detection modes (ground-wave and sky-wave) that uses a buoy platform, a sky-wave emitting subsystem, and an attitude measurement subsystem to enhance detection range, accuracy, and flexibility, while mitigating ionosphere interference and frequency resource constraints through distributed radar networking.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Length of stationary object
If the detection range is increased by reducing working frequency and increasing emitting power, then the detection range is improved, but the device complexity and antenna dimension increase, and the result resolution and precision decrease
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the radar system into multiple distributed radar nodes deployed across different locations. Each node operates at high frequency with moderate power, and their combined coverage achieves the required long detection range without requiring any single node to have excessive power or complex infrastructure
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the working frequency parameter to high frequency (HF) band, which enables sky-wave propagation mechanisms. This allows radar signals to bounce off the ionosphere and achieve beyond-horizon detection ranges while maintaining compact antenna sizes and moderate transmitting powers
2Length of stationary object
If the emitting power is increased to extend detection range, then the detection range is improved, but the reliability of device and applicability of electromagnetic environment deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The system segments the total detection range requirement into multiple overlapping coverage zones from different radar nodes. Each node transmits at moderate power levels, avoiding the reliability issues associated with high-power systems while collectively achieving the required monitoring coverage
Solution Approach 2:
The distributed radar nodes can operate in multiple modes (ground-wave and sky-wave) and serve multiple functions including detection, monitoring, and ionosphere characterization, making the system adaptable to different operational requirements without requiring high-power specialized equipment
3Productivity
If multiple ground-wave radars are arranged at coastal area to form radar network, then the real-time ocean monitoring capability is improved, but the infrastructure construction expenditure increases
Solution Approach 1:
The radar network is segmented into multiple independent nodes that can be deployed incrementally. Each node operates autonomously and contributes to the overall monitoring capability, allowing the system to achieve functional requirements with fewer total nodes compared to traditional coastal deployments
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces buoy platforms as intermediary carriers for radar nodes in open-sea deployments. These buoys provide floating platforms that reduce the need for extensive coastal infrastructure, enabling radar deployment in high seas areas without building permanent coastal stations
4Area of stationary object
If shore base ground-wave radar is used for monitoring, then the coastal area monitoring is improved, but the high sea monitoring capability beyond 200 km is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The system dynamically switches between ground-wave mode for coastal monitoring and sky-wave mode for beyond-horizon detection. The radar nodes can adapt their operating characteristics based on the required detection range and environmental conditions, enabling both coastal and high sea monitoring capabilities
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses sky-wave propagation as an intermediary mechanism to extend detection range beyond the horizon. By bouncing signals off the ionosphere, the system achieves beyond-200km detection capability without requiring direct line-of-sight or extensive coastal infrastructure
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system enables real-time monitoring of sea areas of any distance, improves detection accuracy and range, enhances anti-interference capabilities, and optimizes frequency resource usage, making it suitable for open-sea monitoring and accommodating diverse radar node deployments.
Implementation Method 1
a sky-wave emitting subsystem disposed at a shore base to emit high frequency electromagnetic wave
Implementation Method 2
the high frequency electromagnetic wave is refracted to sea surface via the ionosphere
Implementation Method 3
reflected via the sea surface, and received by the ground-wave radar subsystem as sky-wave signals
Implementation Method 4
The ground-wave radar subsystem uses ground-wave radar to receive ground-wave signal on one hand and receive sky-wave signal on the other hand
Implementation Method 5
an attitude measurement subsystem to conduct real-time measurement so as to obtain attitude data of the buoy platform
Data Source
AI summary
A buoy-type high-frequency ground wave radar system. A buoy platform is used as an offshore carrier of a ground wave radar. A sky wave emission subsystem is disposed on a shore base and emits a high-frequency electromagnet wave. After the high-frequency electromagnet wave is refracted by the ionosphere and is reflected by the sea surface, a sky wave signal is formed. An attitude measurement subsystem measures and acquires attitude data of the buoy platform in real time. A ground wave radar subsystem receives a ground wave signal by using the ground wave radar, and processes the signal to form a ground wave doppler spectrum. Simultaneously, the sky wave signal is received, ionosphere disturbance compensation is performed on the sky wave signal in a frequency domain and then the sky wave signal is processed to form a sky wave doppler spectrum. The ground wave radar subsystem reconstructs an actual geographic coordinate system according to the attitude data measured by the attitude measurement subsystem and then the ground wave or the sky wave doppler spectrum is used to inverse wind wave current data in the reconstructed actual geographic coordinate system. The sky wave emission subsystem and the ground wave radar subsystem carry out time synchronization by means of a GPS synchronization networking. The system can detect a sea region of any distance and is suitable for high sea detection.