Buried Numerical Aperture Expander for Compact HUDs

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Solution Overview

Problem

The challenge in creating a head-up display (HUD) with a larger field of view is the need for larger displays or bulky optics, which are often not feasible due to space constraints in vehicles, and existing diffraction elements do not effectively address this issue.

Innovation Solution

A buried numerical aperture expander is used, comprising a light transmissive first layer with a micro lens array and a reflective layer, allowing for the expansion of incident light rays to provide a larger field of view while maintaining transparency for ambient light, enabling a virtual display on a glass surface like a windshield.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Area of moving object

If larger displays or bulky optics are used to achieve a larger field of view, then the field of view is improved, but the device size and space requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefield of viewVSAvoiddevice size
Core Design Contradiction:
Area of moving objectVSVolume of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies dimensionality change by transitioning from a planar display approach to a three-dimensional optical expansion approach. The micro lens array creates a virtual three-dimensional image space that expands the field of view without increasing the physical footprint of the display device, allowing a larger effective display area in the angular dimension while maintaining a compact form factor.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses optical copying through the micro lens array to create multiple virtual images of the same display content at different angular positions. This allows a single physical display to present information across a wider field of view by copying and redistributing the light paths, eliminating the need for a larger physical display area.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

2Volume of moving object

If traditional flat panel displays are used, then the display size is reduced, but the field of view remains limited

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedevice sizeVSAvoidfield of view
Core Design Contradiction:
Volume of moving objectVSArea of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent resolves this contradiction by introducing angular dimensionality through the micro lens array. Instead of increasing the physical display area, the system expands the field of view by creating multiple angular pathways for light, effectively adding a dimensional degree of freedom that allows a compact display to present a wide field of view.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

3Reliability

If a transparent display is used to maintain visibility, then transparency is improved, but the display brightness and contrast may be reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovetransparencyVSAvoiddisplay brightness
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSIllumination intensity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies segmentation by using an array of discrete micro lenses that individually control light paths. Each micro lens segment can be optimized to direct specific portions of the display image to different angular positions, allowing the system to maintain high brightness and contrast in the displayed regions while preserving transparency in other areas through selective optical routing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This solution allows for a larger field of view in HUDs without the need for bulky optics, while maintaining transparency for the driver to see through the windshield, enhancing situational awareness and safety features like adaptive cruise control and collision avoidance.

Implementation Method 1

A buried numerical aperture expander is used, comprising a light transmissive first layer with a micro lens array and a reflective layer, allowing for the expansion of incident light rays to provide a larger field of view

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRefraction: Refraction

Implementation Method 2

A buried numerical aperture expander is used, comprising a light transmissive first layer with a micro lens array and a reflective layer

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectReflection: Reflection

Data Source

PatentEP2185966B2Buried numerical aperture expander having transparent properties
Publication Date: 2022.08.31 MICROVISION INC
  • EP2185966B2 patent drawingFigure 1A
  • EP2185966B2 patent drawingFigure 1B
  • EP2185966B2 patent drawingFigure 2

AI summary

Briefly, in accordance with one or more embodiments, a buried numerical aperture expander (100) may be utilized to provide a head-up or virtual display at a larger field of view without requiring a larger amount of space, larger sized display, or larger sized optics. The buried numerical aperture expander is capable of selectively reflecting light emanating from a display such that the reflected light is expanded into a larger field of view, while simultaneously allowing other light to be transmitted through the buried numerical aperture expander without expansion so that the buried numerical aperture expander may be deployed in conjunction with a windshield or window without adversely affecting the ability to see through buried numerical aperture expander.