Bus Bar Feedthrough for Electrorefiner Atmosphere Integrity

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional electrochemical processes for recovering metals from impure feed materials face engineering complexities and low yield due to thermodynamic constraints and impurity issues, particularly in multi-step approaches, and low yield in single-step processes.

Innovation Solution

A bus bar electrical feedthrough system comprising a retaining plate, electrical isolator, and contact block is designed to form a single structural unit, allowing for efficient power transfer through a floor structure without compromising atmosphere containment, enabling higher yield and reduced impurities in metal recovery.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If a multi-step approach is used to recover metal from impure feed, then the metal recovery process can be divided into separate reduction and electrowinning steps, but the engineering complexity increases due to transfer of molten salt and reductant between vessels

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemetal recovery efficiencyVSAvoidengineering complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines the reduction and electrowinning steps into a single vessel, eliminating the need for transferring molten salt and reductant between vessels. The electrorefiner system integrates both functions in one continuous process, reducing engineering complexity while maintaining productivity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces a molten salt electrolyte as an intermediary medium that facilitates both reduction and electrowinning processes within the same vessel. This intermediary enables the combined process to function efficiently without requiring separate vessels and transfer mechanisms.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Device complexity

If a single-step approach is used to recover metal from impure feed, then the process complexity is reduced, but the yield of metallic product is relatively low and contains unwanted impurities

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprocess complexityVSAvoidmetal yield and purity
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the single-step process into two distinct functional zones within the same vessel: a reduction zone where metal oxide is reduced to metal, and an electrowinning zone where impurities are removed and pure metal is deposited. This segmentation enables high yield and purity while maintaining process simplicity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies different local conditions in different zones of the vessel: the reduction zone uses specific temperature and chemical conditions for metal production, while the electrowinning zone uses different conditions for purification. This local quality differentiation enables both high yield and high purity in the final product.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

3Reliability

If thermodynamic constraints are considered in oxide reduction, then the process becomes more controlled, but the amount of oxides that can be reduced in a given batch is limited

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprocess controlVSAvoidbatch production capacity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a continuous process where reduced metal is immediately subjected to electrowinning in the same vessel. This continuous action eliminates batch limitations and thermodynamic constraints by maintaining constant material flow and energy input, enabling unlimited production capacity while preserving process control.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #20Continuity of useful action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The system enhances the yield of purified metal recovery by facilitating high electrical current transfer at low cost and maintaining atmosphere integrity, addressing the limitations of existing processes.

Implementation Method 1

an electrical isolator (204) configured to prevent passage of the electrical current through the floor structure

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical insulation: Dielectric

Implementation Method 2

allowing for efficient power transfer through a floor structure

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical conduction: Conduction (electrical)

Data Source

PatentEP2794959B1Bus bar electrical feedthrough for electrorefiner system
Publication Date: 2019.06.12 GE HITACHI NUCLEAR ENERGY AMERICAS LLC
  • EP2794959B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2794959B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2794959B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A bus bar electrical feedthrough for an electrorefiner system may include a retaining plate, an electrical isolator, and/or a contact block. The retaining plate may include a central opening. The electrical isolator may include a top portion, a base portion, and a slot extending through the top and base portions. The top portion of the electrical isolator may be configured to extend through the central opening of the retaining plate. The contact block may include an upper section, a lower section, and a ridge separating the upper and lower sections. The upper section of the contact block may be configured to extend through the slot of the electrical isolator and the central opening of the retaining plate. As a result of the bus bar electrical feedthrough, relatively high electrical currents may be transferred into a glovebox or hot-cell facility at a relatively low cost and higher amperage capacity without sacrificing atmosphere integrity.