Butterfly Array Pipeline for Low-Latency Homomorphic Data Processing
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional implementations of fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) suffer from long latency, particularly in GPU implementations, which hinder their use in privacy-preserving computing and AI applications due to computationally intensive discrete Galois transform (DGT) and inverse discrete Galois transform (iDGT) operations.
Innovation Solution
A device with a pipeline architecture comprising inter-line and intra-line butterfly array blocks, each with modulus butterfly units, and a clock counter for single cycle initiation, arranged to process homomorphically encrypted data efficiently.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Speed
If conventional CPU implementation is used for DGT and iDGT operations, then the implementation is simple and easy to deploy, but the processing speed and latency are too slow for practical homomorphic operations
Solution Approach 1:
The device segments the DGT and iDGT operations into multiple independent butterfly array blocks, each handling specific computational stages. This segmentation enables parallel processing across multiple blocks while maintaining modular design that balances speed improvement with manageable complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent transitions from sequential CPU processing to a multi-dimensional pipeline architecture where inter-line and intra-line butterfly blocks operate in parallel stages. This dimensional transformation from 1D sequential to 2D/3D parallel processing dramatically increases throughput while distributing complexity across spatial dimensions.
2Productivity
If conventional GPU implementation is used for DGT and iDGT operations, then parallel computing capability is improved, but the latency remains too long for practical AI applications due to heavy data movement between FP cores and memory units
Solution Approach 1:
The device merges the computational units and data storage into an integrated pipeline architecture where butterfly array blocks process data in-place through multiple stages. This merging eliminates the need for repeated data movement between separate memory and processing units, reducing latency while maintaining high throughput through parallel operations.
Solution Approach 2:
The pipeline architecture ensures continuous processing where output from one butterfly block immediately becomes input to the next block without idle wait states or memory access delays. This continuous action maintains high productivity while minimizing latency by keeping all processing units actively engaged throughout the computation.
3Loss of time
If more parallel processing units are added to reduce latency, then processing speed improves, but device complexity and resource requirements increase significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The device employs dynamic pipeline staging where butterfly blocks are activated in sequence through controlled clock cycles. This dynamic activation allows the system to achieve parallel processing speeds equivalent to having many simultaneous units, while actually using fewer physical units that are time-multiplexed through the pipeline architecture.
Solution Approach 2:
The system uses periodic clocking to advance data through the pipeline stages in regular intervals. Each butterfly block operates periodically, processing one stage of computation per clock cycle. This periodic action creates the effect of high-speed parallel processing through coordinated sequential operations, reducing the need for excessive parallel hardware.
Data Source
AI summary
There is provided a device for processing homomorphically encrypted data. The device includes: inter-line butterfly array blocks, each inter-line butterfly array block including inter-line modulus butterfly units, each inter-line modulus butterfly unit being configured to perform a modulus butterfly operation based on a computation pair of data points received corresponding to a pair of input data points at a same row of a matrix of input data points; intra-line butterfly array blocks, each intra-line butterfly array block including intra-line modulus butterfly units, each intra-line modulus butterfly unit being configured to perform a modulus butterfly operation based on a computation pair of data points received corresponding to a pair of input data points at a same column of the matrix of input data points; and a clock counter communicatively coupled to each inter-line butterfly array block and each intra-line butterfly array block, and configured to output a counter signal.