Bytecode Virtual Machine Verification for Safety Program Execution

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing safety programs in manufacturing environments are vulnerable to random hardware failures, environmental interference, operating system errors, and interfering software errors, which can lead to malfunctions and safety hazards.

Innovation Solution

Implementing a bytecode virtual machine (BVM) that executes and verifies the execution of bytecode instructions to detect and correct errors in safety programs, isolating them from underlying hardware and software issues.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If a safety program is implemented using a high-level programming language to handle a wider range of hazards, then the level of safety and sophistication of hazard handling is improved, but the program becomes more complex and more vulnerable to software errors and hardware failures

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesafety levelVSAvoidprogram complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces a bytecode virtual machine as an intermediary layer between the high-level safety program and the underlying hardware/operating system. This mediator executes bytecode instructions in a controlled environment, isolating the safety program from direct interaction with potentially faulty hardware and OS, thus maintaining high safety levels while managing program complexity through abstraction

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a virtual copy of the execution environment through the bytecode virtual machine. Instead of executing the safety program directly on the physical hardware, it executes a copied representation (bytecode) in a virtual environment, allowing verification of execution correctness without affecting the actual hardware state, thereby improving reliability while keeping the original program structure intact

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

2Speed

If the safety program executes directly on the controller hardware to ensure fast response times, then the response speed is improved, but the system becomes vulnerable to random hardware failures, environmental interference, and operating system errors

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveresponse timeVSAvoiderror susceptibility
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The bytecode virtual machine serves as a mediator that sits between the safety program and the underlying hardware/OS. It provides isolation so that the safety program does not directly interact with faulty hardware or interfering software, reducing error susceptibility while maintaining acceptable response times through efficient bytecode execution and verification mechanisms

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Ease of manufacture

If standard hardware is used for safety-critical applications to reduce costs, then the manufacturing cost is reduced, but the system lacks dedicated safety hardware features and is more susceptible to hardware failures

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemanufacturing costVSAvoidhardware reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces dedicated safety hardware with a software-based bytecode virtual machine that provides equivalent or superior safety functionality. Instead of relying on specialized hardware features, the system uses a virtualized execution environment with verification capabilities to ensure safety, thereby reducing manufacturing costs while maintaining or improving hardware reliability through software-based protection mechanisms

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Data Source

PatentEP4685679A1Methods and apparatuses for verifying an execution of a bytecode instruction
Publication Date: 2026.01.28 SICK AG
  • EP4685679A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4685679A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4685679A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A method for verifying the execution of a bytecode instruction of a security program includes: executing the bytecode instruction in a virtual machine; and verifying by the virtual machine whether the bytecode instruction was executed correctly.