C-Shaped X-Ray Imaging System for Intraoperative 3D Guidance
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current imaging technologies for surgical procedures, such as spinal fusion, face challenges with bulky equipment, limited real-time 3D imaging capabilities, and the need for repetitive repositioning of fluoroscopes, which hinder precise intraoperative guidance and increase surgical complexity.
Innovation Solution
A C-shaped X-ray imaging system with a movable array of X-ray emission points and detectors, providing at least 90 degrees of angular coverage, allows for real-time 3D imaging with a reduced footprint, enabling precise intraoperative guidance and minimizing the need for repetitive repositioning.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If conventional 3D imaging systems are used to provide real-time feedback during surgery, then imaging quality and precision are improved, but the system becomes bulky and obtrusive, taking up space needed by surgical personnel
Solution Approach 1:
The imaging system is divided into two separate movable arms: a first arm carrying the X-ray source and a second arm carrying the detector array. This segmentation allows each component to be positioned independently and reduces the overall footprint of the system while maintaining the capability to acquire 3D imaging data through multiple projection angles.
Solution Approach 2:
The system transitions from conventional single-plane 2D imaging to three-dimensional imaging by acquiring X-ray projections from multiple angles (at least 90 degrees of angular coverage) and reconstructing volumetric data. This dimensional enhancement provides comprehensive spatial information while the C-shaped configuration maintains a compact profile.
2Measurement precision
If fluoroscopes are repositioned repeatedly to achieve precise imaging during surgery, then imaging accuracy is improved, but surgical complexity and time are increased
Solution Approach 1:
The dual-arm configuration with distributed X-ray sources and detector arrays enables acquisition of multiple projection angles simultaneously or in rapid sequence without requiring physical repositioning of the entire imaging system. This segmentation of imaging functions across multiple fixed positions eliminates the need for repetitive fluoroscope manipulation during surgery.
Solution Approach 2:
The system pre-acquires X-ray projections from multiple angles (at least 90 degrees of angular coverage) before surgical intervention begins or during initial setup. This preliminary data acquisition provides comprehensive 3D imaging capability that eliminates the need for subsequent repositioning operations during the procedure.
3Adaptability or versatility
If conventional imaging systems are used, then basic 2D imaging is achieved, but real-time 3D imaging capability is limited or unavailable
Solution Approach 1:
The first and second arms are made movable between open and closed configurations, allowing the system to adapt its geometry for optimal imaging angles. This dynamic reconfigurability enables the system to provide real-time 3D imaging capability while maintaining a compact form factor when not in use, balancing versatility with manageable complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The imaging system is designed to perform multiple functions: it can acquire 2D projection images, 3D volumetric data, and real-time feedback imaging. The same dual-arm configuration with movable components supports various imaging modes and surgical applications, providing universal 3D imaging capability without requiring separate specialized systems.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system facilitates real-time, high-quality 3D imaging with isotropic voxels, enhancing surgical precision and reducing the need for additional procedures due to post-surgical imaging requirements, while maintaining a compact footprint suitable for use in surgical environments.
Implementation Method 1
a first arm comprising an array of X-ray emission points and a second arm comprising a detector array
Implementation Method 2
a second arm comprising a detector array... the detector array is movable between an open configuration and a closed configuration
Data Source
AI summary
Various embodiments discussed herein utilize a C-shaped imager to provide images with a minimal footprint, such as may be suitable in a surgical context. In addition the systems and methods described herein allow for suitable angular (i.e., azimuthal) scan coverage about the patient. To provide real-time 3D imaging, multiple X-ray tubes or a distributed X-ray source may be employed, coupled with an extended detector or multiple detectors. To reconstruct high-quality volumes, in some implementations reconstruction techniques may be employed that utilize pre-operative (pre-op) computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound (U/S), or other suitable modality images or data as prior information.