Vehicle Cabin Antifogging Control Using Water Vapor Estimation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional air conditioners in vehicles, particularly in battery electric vehicles (BEVs), face challenges in reducing the frequency of outside air introduction mode to prevent windshield fogging due to low humidity measurement accuracy, leading to reduced heating efficiency and increased power consumption.

Innovation Solution

An air conditioning control method that calculates the amount of water vapor in a vehicle cabin by obtaining parameters related to water vapor entering and exiting the cabin, as well as condensation on vehicle forming panels, without relying on humidity sensors, and executes antifogging operations based on these parameters to reduce windshield fogging.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If the air conditioner switches to outside air introduction mode to prevent windshield fogging, then the dew point temperature decreases and fogging is prevented, but the heating efficiency is reduced and power consumption increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewindshield fogging preventionVSAvoidpower consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The system continuously monitors water vapor amount in the vehicle cabin and uses this feedback to dynamically control the air conditioner's operation mode. When water vapor exceeds the threshold, the system switches to outside air introduction mode; otherwise, it maintains inside air circulation, creating a closed-loop control system that optimizes energy usage while preventing fogging

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces conventional humidity sensors with a calculation-based water vapor amount detection method that uses temperature and pressure data from existing sensors. This substitution eliminates measurement errors associated with conventional sensors and enables more accurate control decisions, reducing unnecessary mode switches and power consumption

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Measurement precision

If conventional humidity sensors are used to detect water vapor in the vehicle cabin, then the system can monitor humidity levels, but the measurement accuracy is low under certain conditions leading to increased frequency of outside air introduction mode

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvehumidity measurement accuracyVSAvoidpower consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces physical humidity sensors with a calculation-based detection method that derives water vapor amount from temperature and pressure measurements using thermodynamic relationships. This substitution eliminates sensor drift and measurement errors, providing accurate water vapor detection without the limitations of conventional humidity sensors

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The system uses temperature and pressure data as intermediary measurements to calculate water vapor amount indirectly. Rather than directly measuring humidity with unreliable sensors, the system uses these intermediate physical quantities that can be measured accurately with existing sensors to infer the water vapor state

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Data Source

PatentEP4603309A1Air conditioning control method for vehicle and air conditioning control apparatus for vehicle
Publication Date: 2025.08.20 MAZDA MOTOR CORP
  • EP4603309A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4603309A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4603309A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

[Problem] To cause an air conditioner to appropriately execute antifogging operation for reducing fogging of a front windshield by accurately grasping the amount of water vapor in a vehicle cabin. [Means for Solution] An air conditioning control method for a vehicle includes: obtaining a first parameter related to an amount of water vapor entering inside of a vehicle cabin 21 defined by a front windshield 22 and a vehicle cabin forming panel (roof panel 23), and an amount of water vapor exiting from the inside of the vehicle cabin; obtaining a second parameter related to condensation occurring on the vehicle cabin forming panel in the vehicle cabin; calculating an amount of water vapor in the vehicle cabin based on the first parameter and the second parameter; and executing antifogging operation for the front windshield by an air conditioner 3 that blows air-conditioning air into the vehicle cabin, based on the amount of water vapor.