CaBr2 Microcapsule Extinguishing Composition for Battery Ignition Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Secondary batteries are prone to explosion or ignition due to high-temperature heat caused by overcharging, overcurrent, and physical impacts, which existing technologies fail to effectively prevent.
Innovation Solution
An extinguishing composition comprising calcium bromide (CaBr2) encapsulated in thermoplastic resin capsules, applied to the electrodes, separators, or electrolyte of secondary batteries, utilizing an air blocking effect to suppress high-temperature heat and flames, and a method for preparing this composition involving a capsule solution preparation, coating, and evaporation steps.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If existing fire extinguishing compositions are used in secondary batteries, then some level of fire suppression is achieved, but they fail to effectively prevent explosion or ignition caused by high-temperature heat from overcharging, overcurrent, and physical impacts
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical composition parameter by using calcium bromide (CaBr2) as the extinguishing material instead of conventional agents. Calcium bromide undergoes endothermic decomposition at high temperatures, absorbing heat and releasing bromine gas that interferes with combustion chemistry, thereby effectively suppressing explosions and ignitions caused by overcharging, overcurrent, and physical impacts in secondary batteries
Solution Approach 2:
The patent segments the extinguishing material into micro-capsules with diameters of 1-100 micrometers. These micro-capsulated calcium bromide particles are distributed throughout the battery components, allowing localized fire suppression at multiple points simultaneously. The segmented structure enables the extinguishing agent to be dispersed throughout the battery rather than concentrated in one location, improving overall reliability
2Object-generated harmful factors
If micro encapsulated fire extinguishing compositions are used, then fire suppression capability is provided, but the technology does not achieve effective prevention of high-temperature heat-induced explosions
Solution Approach 1:
The patent utilizes phase transition of calcium bromide through endothermic decomposition when exposed to high temperatures. The chemical reaction absorbs significant heat energy, causing a phase change that lowers the temperature of surrounding materials. This phase transition mechanism directly addresses the high-temperature heat resistance issue by actively cooling the battery environment during thermal events
Solution Approach 2:
The decomposition of calcium bromide releases bromine gas that creates an inert atmosphere around the combustion site. This bromine-rich environment interferes with the oxidation reactions necessary for fire and explosion, effectively suppressing high-temperature heat-induced incidents by replacing the oxygen-rich atmosphere with a chemically inert one
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Effectively prevents explosions and ignitions in secondary batteries by using the air blocking effect of calcium bromide, enhancing safety by suppressing high-temperature heat and flames, as demonstrated by reduced combustion times and stable discharge capacity.
Implementation Method 1
an extinguishing material comprising calcium bromide (CaBr2) to effectively suppress explosion or ignition by using an air blocking effect
Implementation Method 2
a capsule configured to contain the extinguishing material, wherein the capsule is made of a thermoplastic resin
Implementation Method 3
heating the plurality of extinguishing materials coated with the capsule solution to evaporate the solvent contained in the capsule solution
Data Source
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Figure 3A
AI summary
The present invention relates to an extinguishing composition and comprises an extinguishing material and a capsule containing the extinguishing material, and the extinguishing material comprises calcium bromide (CaBr2).