Cache Tag Bits for Breakpoint Detection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing debugging technologies face performance issues during 'time travel' debugging due to limitations in hardware breakpoints and instrumentation, which lead to increased processor cycles and cache misses, affecting the efficiency of breakpoint detection.

Innovation Solution

The use of reserved tag field bits in cache lines to signal watched memory addresses, allowing for efficient breakpoint checks without evicting cache lines, thereby reducing cache misses and improving performance.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If hardware breakpoints are used to detect memory addresses during replay, then breakpoint detection performance is improved, but the number of concurrently watchable memory addresses is severely limited

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebreakpoint detection performanceVSAvoidnumber of concurrently watchable memory addresses
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent makes the cache structure universal by enabling it to serve dual purposes: normal data storage and breakpoint detection. By using the existing cache infrastructure for breakpoint detection, the system achieves multi-functionality that resolves the contradiction between detection performance and the number of watchable addresses.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a software-based breakpoint detection mechanism that copies the functionality of hardware breakpoints into the cache structure. This software emulation approach allows unlimited breakpoints to be watched by utilizing the cache's existing structure rather than relying on limited hardware debug registers.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

2Adaptability or versatility

If software instrumentation is used to check breakpoints on every memory access, then breakpoint detection coverage is improved, but processor cycles increase significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebreakpoint detection coverageVSAvoidprocessor cycles per memory access
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent performs preliminary action by pre-configuring the cache structure with breakpoint information before memory accesses occur. By setting up the cache to automatically detect breakpoints during normal operation, the system avoids the need for costly instrumentation code to be executed during each memory access.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The cache structure performs self-service by automatically detecting breakpoints through its internal mechanism. The cache itself monitors memory addresses and triggers breakpoints without requiring external instrumentation code, thereby eliminating the performance penalty associated with software-based checking on every access.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

3Adaptability or versatility

If cache lines are evicted to make space for breakpoint detection, then breakpoint detection capability is improved, but cache miss frequency increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebreakpoint detection capabilityVSAvoidexecution performance
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges breakpoint detection functionality with the existing cache structure rather than adding it as a separate mechanism. By combining these functions, the system avoids the need to evict cache lines for breakpoint storage, as the cache simultaneously handles both data storage and breakpoint monitoring.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The cache structure is designed to be universal, serving both as data storage and as the breakpoint detection mechanism. This multi-functionality eliminates the trade-off between breakpoint detection capability and cache performance, as the same structure that stores data also monitors for breakpoints without requiring evictions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Data Source

PatentEP3814907B1Cache-based trace replay breakpoints using reserved tag field bits
Publication Date: 2022.02.16 MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSING LLC
  • EP3814907B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3814907B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3814907B1 patent drawingFigure 3A~3B

AI summary

Performing breakpoint detection via a cache includes detecting an occurrence of a memory access and identifying whether any cache line of the cache matches an address associated with the memory access. When a cache line does match the address associated with the memory access no breakpoint was encountered. When no cache line matches the address associated with the memory access embodiments identify whether any cache line matches the address associated with the memory access when one or more flag bits are ignored. When a cache line does match the address associated with the memory access when the one or more flag bits are ignored, embodiment perform a check for whether a breakpoint was encountered. Otherwise, embodiments process a cache miss.