CAD-PRS Guided PCSK9 Therapy for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing PCSK9 inhibitor therapies for cardiovascular risk reduction are not equally effective across all patients, necessitating a need to identify individuals likely to benefit from this treatment to prevent or reduce major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).
Innovation Solution
Determine a patient's coronary artery disease polygenic risk score (CAD-PRS) to identify those at increased risk of MACE, administering a PCSK9 inhibitor to patients with a CAD-PRS above a threshold, thereby personalizing treatment based on genetic predisposition.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If PCSK9 inhibitor therapy is administered to all patients, then cardiovascular risk reduction is achieved, but treatment efficacy varies across patients and resources are wasted on non-responders
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by determining the CAD-PRS genotype before administering PCSK9 inhibitor therapy. This pre-treatment genetic screening identifies patients who are likely to respond to the therapy, allowing clinicians to prescribe the medication only to those who will benefit. This approach prevents wasted resources on non-responders while ensuring that patients who will benefit receive the treatment, thereby resolving the contradiction between achieving reliable treatment efficacy and avoiding loss of treatment resources.
2Loss of energy
If PCSK9 inhibitor therapy is restricted to genetically selected patients, then treatment resources are optimized, but the ability to treat all potentially benefiting patients is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by differentiating treatment approaches based on genetic characteristics. Instead of a uniform treatment strategy for all patients, the CAD-PRS genotype determination enables personalized medicine where treatment is tailored to each patient's genetic profile. Patients with specific genetic profiles (high CAD-PRS) receive PCSK9 inhibitor therapy, while others receive alternative treatments or lifestyle modifications. This resolves the contradiction by optimizing resource allocation to high-risk patients while maintaining adaptability to treat different patient populations with appropriate therapies.
3Ease of operation
If traditional clinical criteria alone are used to guide therapy, then treatment decisions are simple, but response to PCSK9 inhibitors cannot be predicted accurately
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces an intermediary element - the CAD-PRS genotype determination - that bridges traditional clinical criteria and treatment response prediction. Rather than relying solely on simple clinical parameters like LDL levels or cardiovascular history, the genetic profile serves as an additional layer of information that enhances prediction accuracy. This intermediary genetic assessment maintains relative simplicity in the decision-making process while significantly improving the precision of response prediction, resolving the contradiction between ease of operation and measurement precision.
Data Source
AI summary
The present disclosure provides methods of reducing cardiovascular risk by administration of a PCSK9 inhibitor to patients having a genetic profile associated with response to PCSK9 inhibitor therapy.