Calcium Peroxide Particle Dilution for Non-Oxidizer Classification
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Solution Overview
Problem
Calcium peroxide (CaO2) is classified as a strong oxidizer, posing hazards in transportation and handling, but its commercial formulations are cheaper due to cheaper raw materials and manufacturing processes, necessitating a solution to reduce packaging, handling, and transportation constraints while maintaining oxidizing properties.
Innovation Solution
Incorporating a diluent such as aluminium hydroxide or sodium bicarbonate into CaO2 particles, which generates water or gas upon decomposition, modifying the burn rate and absorption of decomposition heat to classify the particles as non-oxidizers, thereby reducing hazards during transport and handling.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If CaO2 is used as a strong oxidizer, then oxidizing properties are maintained, but handling and transportation hazards increase due to oxidizer classification
Solution Approach 1:
A diluent substance is introduced as an intermediary component mixed with CaO2 particles. This diluent acts as a mediator that reduces the oxidizing power of the mixture below the threshold for oxidizer classification (≤30% CaO2), thereby eliminating handling and transportation hazards while preserving sufficient oxidizing capability for environmental remediation applications
Solution Approach 2:
The concentration of CaO2 in the mixture is changed from high purity (>30%) to a diluted form (≤30% CaO2 with ≥70% diluent). This parameter change in composition ratio transforms the material classification from oxidizer to non-oxidizer, resolving the transportation hazard issue while maintaining functional effectiveness through the combined action of CaO2 and diluent
2Object-affected harmful factors
If diluent is introduced in CaO2 particles, then handling and transportation hazards are reduced by reclassification as non-oxidizer, but manufacturing complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The manufacturing process merges two steps into one: CaO2 is produced and diluted with the selected substance in a single continuous process. The slurry containing CaO2 precipitate is directly mixed with the diluent before filtration and drying, eliminating the need for separate dilution equipment and simplifying the overall manufacturing workflow
Solution Approach 2:
Common, inexpensive substances such as calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, or water are used as diluents. These readily available materials reduce manufacturing costs and simplify the process by eliminating the need for specialized or expensive diluent substances, making the solution economically viable
3Object-affected harmful factors
If diluent is introduced in CaO2 particles, then handling and transportation hazards are reduced, but oxidizing power may be reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The particle size distribution of CaO2 and diluent is optimized to ensure effective mixing and contact. By controlling the size parameters of the particles, the mixture maintains sufficient oxidizing power for environmental applications even at ≤30% CaO2 concentration, as the increased surface area contact compensates for the lower bulk concentration
Solution Approach 2:
The invention creates a composite material system where CaO2 particles are combined with a diluent in a specific ratio and physical form. This composite structure allows the mixture to function as a non-oxidizer in terms of classification while maintaining practical oxidizing effectiveness through the synergistic interaction between CaO2 and the diluent matrix
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The modified CaO2 particles are classified as non-oxidizers, reducing handling and transportation hazards while maintaining sufficient oxidizing properties, with aluminium hydroxide being particularly effective in this process, allowing for economic and simple manufacturing.
Implementation Method 1
Incorporating a diluent such as aluminium hydroxide or sodium bicarbonate into CaO2 particles, which generates water or gas upon decomposition
Implementation Method 2
modifying the burn rate and absorption of decomposition heat
Implementation Method 3
The chemical oxidation reaction would proceed as a result of the slow release of H2O2 from the above described calcium peroxide particles. The calcium peroxide also may generate oxygen for long-term assisted bioremediation.
Data Source
AI summary
Particles containing a strong oxidizer (classified as PG I according to the standard test method of the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, 5th revised Edition, sub-section 34.4.1) and at least one other constituent, the amount and nature of the constituent(s) other than the strong oxidizer in the particles being such that the particles are classified as non-oxidizer according to the standard test method of the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, 5th revised Edition, sub-section 34.4.1. Process for the production of these particles.