Cancer Detection Using Cell-Specific Marker Segmentation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current diagnostic methods for cancer rely heavily on population-derived average values, lacking personalization and effectiveness in early detection and monitoring, particularly in identifying cancer markers in phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells.
Innovation Solution
The use of specific markers such as C-Macro 1-200 and C-Neutro 1-200 from Tables 1-8 to measure gene expression or protein levels in macrophages and neutrophils, comparing these levels to identify differences indicative of cancer diagnosis, prognosis, treatment efficacy, and progression.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If population-derived average values are used for cancer diagnosis, then diagnostic methods are simple and widely applicable, but early detection accuracy and personalization are insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the diagnostic approach by comparing marker levels between two distinct cell populations (phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells) within the same patient sample. This segmentation enables personalized diagnosis by identifying differential expression patterns specific to each patient's cancer state, rather than relying on population averages.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the diagnostic parameter from population-derived average marker levels to patient-specific differential marker levels between cell types. By measuring and comparing multiple marker levels (e.g., C-Macro 1-200, C-Neutro 1-200) across different cell populations, the method achieves higher precision in early cancer detection while maintaining clinical feasibility.
2Measurement precision
If phagocytic cells are used as diagnostic markers, then personalized cancer detection is achieved, but differentiation from non-phagocytic cell markers becomes challenging
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by assigning different functional roles to different cell populations within the same sample. Phagocytic cells (macrophages, neutrophils) are evaluated for specific cancer-associated marker patterns, while non-phagocytic cells serve as internal controls. This localized functional assignment simplifies marker differentiation and enhances personalized detection accuracy.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses non-phagocytic cells as an intermediary reference system to differentiate phagocytic cell marker patterns. By comparing marker levels between these two cell populations, the method creates an internal reference framework that simplifies the identification of cancer-specific changes in phagocytic cells without requiring external control samples.
3Measurement precision
If multiple markers are measured to improve diagnostic accuracy, then cancer detection precision increases, but measurement complexity and time increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent achieves multi-functionality by using the same measurement platform to simultaneously evaluate multiple markers across different cell populations for various diagnostic purposes (detection, prognosis, treatment monitoring). This universal approach allows comprehensive cancer assessment through a single integrated measurement process, reducing total diagnostic time despite measuring multiple parameters.
Data Source
AI summary
This invention provides a set of biological markers that are useful for detecting cancer. This invention further provides methods of using those biological markers for the diagnosis, prognosis, or monitoring of cancer.