Tunable Capacitance Circuit for Target Distribution Sampling

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current integrated circuits (ICs) face challenges in efficiently generating samples from target distributions, particularly Gaussian distributions, which are crucial for simulating physical phenomena, due to limitations in hardware-based methods.

Innovation Solution

A tunable capacitance network is configured using interconnected wires and tunable capacitance circuits with switchable capacitors, each connected to a voltage source, allowing for non-destructive voltage sampling and linear transformation based on eigenvalues and eigenvectors to generate samples from a target distribution.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If hardware-based methods are used to generate samples from target distributions, then speed and energy efficiency are improved, but device complexity increases due to the need for tunable capacitance networks and switchable capacitors

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesample generation speedVSAvoidcircuit structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The capacitance network is divided into multiple tunable capacitance circuits, each controlled by independent switchable capacitors. This segmentation allows the complex system to be built from manageable modular units, where each unit contributes a specific capacitance value that can be independently tuned by controlling its associated switches.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The circuit employs switchable capacitors that can dynamically change their connection state based on control signals. By switching capacitors in and out of the circuit, the total capacitance can be dynamically adjusted to match different target distributions, enabling the same hardware to handle multiple sampling tasks with varying parameters.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Adaptability or versatility

If tunable capacitance circuits with switchable capacitors are implemented, then adaptability to different target distributions is improved, but manufacturing precision requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedistribution parameter adaptabilityVSAvoidcapacitance tuning precision
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

Different regions of the circuit (different capacitance circuits) can be tuned to have different capacitance values appropriate for their specific function in generating the target distribution. Each capacitance circuit is locally optimized with switchable capacitors that can be independently adjusted, allowing precise control over the overall distribution parameters without requiring uniform precision across the entire system.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The circuit achieves adaptability by changing the effective capacitance parameters through switching. By selectively connecting or disconnecting capacitors based on control signals, the circuit can transform its parameters to match different target distributions, enabling versatile sampling from various distributions using the same physical hardware.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Measurement precision

If non-destructive voltage sampling is performed, then measurement precision is improved, but energy consumption increases due to continuous monitoring requirements

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevoltage sample accuracyVSAvoidsampling energy consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

Instead of continuous monitoring, the system performs voltage sampling at periodic intervals when needed for data collection. The switchable capacitors are controlled in periodic cycles, allowing the circuit to enter low-power states between sampling operations while maintaining the ability to quickly resume sampling when required, thus reducing overall energy consumption while preserving measurement precision when actual measurements are taken.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enables faster and more energy-efficient generation of samples that accurately reflect physical phenomena compared to software implementations, utilizing hardware devices to tune capacitances and harness thermodynamic processes.

Implementation Method 1

tuning a plurality of tunable capacitance circuits in a tunable capacitance network based at least in part on respective elements of the matrix, wherein the tunable capacitance network consists essentially of interconnected wires intersecting at a plurality of nodes with selected pairs of nodes of the plurality of nodes interconnected by a respective tunable capacitance circuit

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCapacitance: Capacitance

Implementation Method 2

Some electronic devices comprising these integrated circuits can thus harness thermodynamic processes to perform operations or computations

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermodynamic processes:

Data Source

PatentEP4686948A1Configuring a circuit for generating samples from a target distribution
Publication Date: 2026.02.04 EXTROPIC CORP
  • EP4686948A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4686948A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4686948A1 patent drawingFigure 3A~3B

AI summary

A method for configuring a circuit for generating samples from a target distribution comprises: receiving a matrix representing parameters associated with the target distribution; tuning a plurality of tunable capacitance circuits in a tunable capacitance network based at least in part on respective elements of the matrix, wherein the tunable capacitance network consists essentially of interconnected wires intersecting at a plurality of nodes with selected pairs of nodes of the plurality of nodes interconnected by a respective tunable capacitance circuit of the plurality of tunable capacitance circuits and one or more nodes of the plurality of nodes connected to a common ground by a respective tunable capacitance circuit of the plurality of tunable capacitance circuits; recording respective voltage samples from the plurality of nodes of the tunable capacitance network; and storing a linear transformation of a vector of the voltage samples based at least in part on the matrix.