Capacitive Fluid Detection in Backflow Discharge Pipes
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing fluid detection systems in backflow prevention devices face challenges such as obstruction of flow paths and difficulty in detecting small fluid flows, particularly in confined spaces, due to the design of traditional flow sensors.
Innovation Solution
A fluid detection system that includes a sensor module with a sensor element configured to detect capacitance within a liquid flow path without obstructing it, using a sensor element that extends partially around the perimeter of the flow path and communicates with a controller to determine the presence of fluid and potential flood events, allowing for non-invasive detection and notification.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If traditional flow sensors are used to detect fluid flow in discharge pipes, then fluid detection capability is improved, but the flow path becomes obstructed and detection of small fluid flows becomes difficult in confined spaces
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces traditional mechanical flow sensors with a capacitance-based detection system. The sensor element measures changes in capacitance caused by the presence of fluid in the discharge pipe, eliminating the need for mechanical components that would obstruct flow. This electrical field-based detection method allows for accurate measurement of even small fluid flows without physical interference with the discharge path.
2Measurement precision
If probes extend into the discharge flow path to detect fluid, then detection accuracy is improved, but installation becomes difficult in confined spaces and flow obstruction increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transitions from a one-dimensional probe insertion approach to a three-dimensional capacitance field measurement approach. The sensor element creates an electromagnetic field that extends around the discharge pipe, detecting fluid presence through capacitance changes in the surrounding space rather than requiring direct contact with the flow path. This dimensional change enables installation in confined spaces without obstructing the discharge flow.
3Ease of repair
If discharge pipe outlets are placed within mechanical rooms for easy access, then maintenance ease is improved, but flood damage risk increases due to potential fluid discharge
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements preliminary detection and alerting functionality that monitors the discharge pipe for fluid presence before significant flooding occurs. The capacitance sensor detects even small amounts of fluid in the discharge pipe and triggers alerts, allowing for early intervention and response. This preliminary action prevents the escalation to major flood damage while maintaining the benefit of accessible discharge pipe outlets in mechanical rooms.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables accurate detection of fluid presence and flood events without obstructing the flow path, improving the system's ability to prevent contamination and reducing damage from backflow, while being suitable for use in confined spaces.
Implementation Method 1
the sensor element is configured to detect a capacitance within the liquid flow path and to provide a detection signal indicative of a detected capacitance within the liquid flow path
Data Source
AI summary
Fluid detection systems and methods using the same are disclosed. In embodiments the fluid detection systems include a sensor module and an electronics module. The sensor module includes a sensor housing that includes a liquid flow path and a sensor element disposed around at least part of the liquid flow path. The sensor element can detect a capacitance of the liquid flow path and provide a sensor signal to a controller in the electronics module. The electronics module can determine a detected capacitance in the liquid flow path based at least in part on the sensor signal, and can determine whether a wet event has occurred based on a comparison of the detected capacitance to a threshold capacitance. Methods using the fluid detection systems and fluid supply systems including the fluid detection systems are also disclosed.