Capacitive Fluid Detection Around the Flow Path for Backflow Leaks
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing fluid detection systems for backflow preventers are limited by the need for probes that obstruct the flow path and require horizontal installation, making them unsuitable for confined spaces and ineffective at detecting small fluid flows.
Innovation Solution
A capacitance-based fluid detection system with a sensor element that surrounds the flow path perimeter, allowing non-obstructive installation and accurate detection of fluid presence and potential floods by measuring capacitance changes.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If probes are used to detect fluid flow, then fluid detection capability is improved, but the flow path becomes obstructed and installation is limited to horizontal orientations
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces mechanical probes that physically contact the fluid with a capacitive sensing system. The sensor element measures changes in capacitance caused by the presence of fluid, eliminating the need for physical obstruction of the flow path. This allows the sensor to be installed in various orientations including vertical positions where probe-based systems cannot be installed.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces an electrical field as an intermediary between the sensor and the fluid. Instead of direct mechanical contact, the capacitive sensor detects fluid presence through changes in the electrical field caused by the fluid's dielectric properties. This intermediary approach enables detection without physical obstruction.
2Measurement precision
If probes extend into the flow path for detection, then detection accuracy is improved, but the device complexity and installation difficulty increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces complex mechanical probe installation with a simpler capacitive sensor assembly that integrates directly into the housing. The sensor element is positioned to face the flow path without requiring insertion into the fluid stream, reducing installation complexity while maintaining detection accuracy through electrical field interaction.
3Measurement precision
If horizontal installation is required for probe-based detection, then detection function is achieved, but adaptability to different orientations and confined spaces is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces orientation-dependent mechanical probes with an electrical field-based capacitive sensor that functions equally well in any orientation. The sensor element and housing are designed to create an electrical field that interacts with fluid regardless of the device's installation angle, enabling vertical, horizontal, or angled installations in confined spaces.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent designs the capacitive sensor system to perform fluid detection universally across multiple orientations and installation configurations. The sensor housing and element arrangement provides multi-functional adaptability, allowing the same device to be installed in confined spaces, vertical positions, or various angles without requiring different probe configurations.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables reliable detection of fluid leaks and floods without obstructing the flow path, suitable for various orientations and confined spaces, with alerts for timely intervention.
Implementation Method 1
The sensor element is configured to detect a capacitance within the liquid flow path and to provide a detection signal indicative of a detected capacitance within the liquid flow path
Data Source
AI summary
Fluid detection systems and methods using the same are disclosed. In embodiments the fluid detection systems include a sensor module and an electronics module. The sensor module includes a sensor housing that includes a liquid flow path and a sensor element disposed around at least part of the liquid flow path. The sensor element can detect a capacitance of the liquid flow path and provide a sensor signal to a controller in the electronics module. The electronics module can determine a detected capacitance in the liquid flow path based at least in part on the sensor signal, and can determine whether a wet event has occurred based on a comparison of the detected capacitance to a threshold capacitance. Methods using the fluid detection systems and fluid supply systems including the fluid detection systems are also disclosed.