Electronic Lock State Detection via Capacitive Key-Lock Coupling
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Solution Overview
Problem
Electronic locks face issues with power supply reliability due to the use of batteries, which require frequent replacement or recharging, and inductive power/data transfer is susceptible to magnetic interference and corrosion.
Innovation Solution
Incorporating a capacitive interface with a partial capacitor in the electronic key and lock for contactless power and data transfer, using a capacitive metal plate to form a capacitor with the lock, eliminating the need for batteries in the lock and reducing magnetic interference.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If batteries are used in the electronic lock, then the lock can function without AC power supply, but the batteries require constant replacement or recharging which creates security risks
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts the battery from the lock and places it in the key instead. This allows the lock to remain functional without a power supply in the lock body, while the key carries the power source. The battery in the key can be easily replaced or recharged without compromising lock security, as the lock itself remains powered off when not in use.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces an inductive power transfer system as an intermediary between the key and lock. Instead of direct electrical contacts, electromagnetic fields serve as the medium to transfer power and data wirelessly when the key is inserted into the lock, eliminating the need for physical electrical contacts that corrode.
2Use of energy by moving object
If electrical contacts are used to transfer power and data from key to lock, then power transfer is achieved, but the contacts are susceptible to corrosion leading to failure
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the mechanical electrical contact system with an electromagnetic inductive coupling system. Power and data are transferred through electromagnetic fields generated by coils in both the key and lock, eliminating physical contact between electrical terminals and preventing corrosion-related failures.
3Ease of operation
If separate inductors are used to transfer power and data, then contactless transfer is achieved, but magnetic interference between inductors corrupts data and disrupts power flow
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements separate optimized coil windings for power transfer and data communication within the key and lock assemblies. The power coils are designed with specific geometries and positioning to generate strong electromagnetic fields for power transfer, while data coils are positioned and configured to minimize magnetic interference and maximize data signal integrity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent divides the inductive coupling system into distinct power transfer components and data communication components. By segmenting the functions into separate coils with dedicated optimization, the system achieves both reliable power transfer and stable data communication without mutual interference.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Ensures reliable power and data transfer without the need for batteries in the lock, reducing maintenance and enhancing security by preventing magnetic interference and corrosion.
Implementation Method 1
a capacitive interface with a partial capacitor in the electronic key and lock for contactless power and data transfer, using a capacitive metal plate to form a capacitor with the lock
Data Source
AI summary
An electronic key may include a partial capacitor comprising a capacitive metal plate in communication with a processor. The capacitive metal plate of the partial capacitor is configured to form a capacitor with a corresponding capacitive metal plate of a lock when brought into proximity with the metal plate of the lock. Data may be transferred from the key to the lock using a capacitor formed by combining the two metal plates, wherein a common ground is established between the metal plate of the key and the metal plate of the lock through a parasitic capacitance present between the key and lock circuitry. Audit trail data may be recorded based on usage of the key.