Capacitive Separator Device for High-Pressure Three-Phase Separation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current systems for separating gases, hydrocarbons, and water in micro-scale laboratory equipment or reactors face challenges due to size limitations, precision issues, and the inability to operate effectively at high pressures, particularly in systems with small volumes and complex chemical reactions.

Innovation Solution

A three-phase capacitive separator device utilizing two electrically isolated probes and RC oscillator circuits to measure capacitance differences between gases, hydrocarbons, and water, allowing for precise separation and controlled outflow, with the ability to operate at pressures up to 400 bar and minimize dead volume.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If gravitational or centrifugal separation systems are used, then separation of hydrocarbons and water is achieved, but system volume becomes large and dead volume increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveseparation precisionVSAvoidsystem volume
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSVolume of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces gravitational and centrifugal mechanical separation systems with an electromagnetic field-based capacitive separation system. By using electric fields to interact with the dielectric properties of different phases (gases, hydrocarbons, water), the system achieves separation without requiring large mechanical structures, thereby reducing system volume while maintaining separation precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention utilizes changes in dielectric constant parameters of different phases to achieve separation. By measuring and responding to the distinct dielectric properties of gases, hydrocarbons, and water, the capacitive system can differentiate and separate phases based on their electrical characteristics rather than mechanical forces, enabling compact design.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Adaptability or versatility

If conventional capacitive sensors are used, then two-phase separation is achieved, but measurement precision is limited to 100 μm and only liquid-gas separation is possible

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvephase separation capabilityVSAvoidlevel measurement precision
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the separation task into multiple independent capacitive measurement channels, each targeting specific phase interfaces. By segmenting the sensing function across multiple probes and measurement circuits, the system can simultaneously detect and separate multiple phase boundaries (gas-liquid, liquid-liquid) with high precision, overcoming the limitations of single-probe two-phase sensors.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The capacitive sensor system is designed to perform multiple functions: it can detect and separate gas-liquid interfaces, liquid-liquid interfaces, and measure dielectric properties of different phases. This multi-functional capability allows a single system to handle various separation scenarios (three-phase separation, level measurement, composition analysis) that would otherwise require different specialized devices.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Reliability

If large dead volume systems are used, then separation capacity is sufficient, but operation at high pressures and micro-scale applications becomes difficult

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvehigh-pressure operation capabilityVSAvoiddead volume
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSVolume of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces mechanical pressure-resistant separation structures with an electromagnetic field-based capacitive system that has no moving parts and minimal structural volume. The electric field can operate effectively at high pressures without requiring large containment volumes, enabling reliable high-pressure operation with minimal dead volume in micro-scale systems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

4Volume of stationary object

If precise separation in small volumes is achieved, then dead volume is reduced, but operation at high pressures becomes challenging

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedead volumeVSAvoidhigh-pressure operation capability
Core Design Contradiction:
Volume of stationary objectVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The invention utilizes the pressure independence of dielectric constant measurements to enable high-pressure operation. Since the capacitive sensing mechanism relies on electrical field interactions with molecular polarizability rather than mechanical pressure effects, the system can accurately measure and separate phases at high pressures while maintaining small volume, unlike mechanical systems where pressure affects structural integrity and separation mechanics.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables precise separation of gases, hydrocarbons, and water with reduced system dead volume and high-pressure operation, optimizing micro-scale laboratory equipment performance by leveraging capacitance differences and temperature compensation mechanisms.

Implementation Method 1

the device is equipped with two RC oscillator circuits that measure the variation in the electric capacity of the electric condensers formed by the measurement probes and the tank walls

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCapacitance: Capacitance

Implementation Method 2

the operation of the separator device is based on the capacitance of the elements to be separated; in order to measure said capacitance

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDielectric permittivity: Dielectric Permittivity

Implementation Method 3

two RC oscillator circuits that measure the variation in the electric capacity of the electric condensers formed by the measurement probes and the tank walls; which generates a frequency signal proportional to said electric capacity

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRC oscillation:

Implementation Method 4

the device may incorporate a refrigeration system, such as, for example, a system based on Peltier cells

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPeltier effect: Peltier Effect

Data Source

PatentEP2469246B1Capacitive separator device
Publication Date: 2018.11.28 CONSEJO SUPERIOR DE INVESTIGACIONES CIENTIFICAS (CSIC)
  • EP2469246B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2469246B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2469246B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The invention relates to a device for separating water, hydrocarbons and gases, based on the electrical characteristics of the materials, said device making use of the different capacitance of the water and the hydrocarbons.