Capacitor Discharge via Homopolar Current in Electric Stator Windings

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods for discharging capacitors in electric circuits of rotating electrical machines, particularly in hybrid or electric vehicles, are costly and complex, as they often require additional components and can cause undesired motor torque.

Innovation Solution

A method involving a switching system with controllable switching cells that transforms discharge current into homopolar current, allowing each coil of the stator winding to be traversed by a zero-sequence current, thereby discharging the capacitor without creating torque and without using additional resistors.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If discharge resistors are connected to the electrical circuit to discharge capacitors, then the capacitor discharge function is achieved, but the number of components increases and cost increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecapacitor discharge safetyVSAvoidnumber of components
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The switching system normally used to control the rotating electrical machine is made to perform an additional function: discharging capacitors. By controlling the switching cells during a braking phase, the system discharges capacitors without requiring dedicated discharge resistors, thus achieving multi-functionality with existing components

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The electrical circuit uses its own switching system and stator winding to discharge the capacitors, rather than relying on external discharge resistors. The system serves itself by utilizing its inherent components for the discharge function, eliminating the need for separate discharge components

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

2Reliability

If discharge current is passed through the electric stator winding, then capacitor discharge is achieved, but undesired motor torque is created

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecapacitor discharge safetyVSAvoidundesired motor torque
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The switching cells are controlled in a periodic manner with a switching period, creating alternating current phases that cancel out torque production. The periodic switching ensures that while discharge current flows through the stator winding, the net torque over each cycle is zero, eliminating undesired motor torque

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Solution Approach 2:

The control system adjusts the switching parameters of the switching cells to transform the discharge current into homopolar current with zero-sequence components. By changing the current distribution parameters across the phases, the system achieves capacitor discharge while maintaining zero net torque

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This method efficiently discharges capacitors in a simple and cost-effective manner, ensuring no torque is applied to the rotor and allowing for safe discharge without increasing the number of components in the electrical circuit.

Implementation Method 1

the switching cells being controlled so that the electric stator winding is traversed by the homopolar electric current

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHomopolar current transformation:

Implementation Method 2

the discharge current of this or these capacitor(s) is transformed by the switching system into homopolar current... Each coil can only be traversed by the zero-sequence current iM0 during this discharge of the capacitor(s)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectZero-sequence current:

Implementation Method 3

the electric stator winding is electrically energized by currents which each create a rotating field and the combination of these fields does not create an overall rotating field in the air gap of the machine, so that no torque is exerted on the rotor thereof

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic field interaction: Electromagnetic Induction

Data Source

PatentEP2822800B1Method for discharging at least one capacitor of an electric circuit
Publication Date: 2020.01.01 VALEO SYSTEMES DE CONTROLE MOTEUR SAS
  • EP2822800B1 patent drawingFigure 1~3
  • EP2822800B1 patent drawing

AI summary

The invention relates to a method for discharging at least one capacitor (2) of an electric circuit (1), said electric circuit (1) also comprising: an electric stator winding (4) of a polyphase rotary electric machine, said winding (4) comprising a plurality of coils (6) which each form a stator phase and which are not being coupled to one another; and a switching system (5) disposed between the capacitor (2) and the electric stator winding (4) and comprising a plurality of controllable switching cells (10). According to the method of the invention, the coils (6) are electrically powered by the capacitor (2) by means of the switching system (5), of which the switching cells (10) are controlled such that the homopolar electric current passes through the electric stator winding (4).