Capillary-Fed Gas Generator for Orientation-Independent Hand Tools

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing gas generators for handheld tools face challenges in maintaining consistent operation and efficient gas production across varying spatial orientations, with issues such as electrolyte leakage and inefficient cooling, particularly in capillary-fed electrolysis cells.

Innovation Solution

A gas generator design featuring an electrolysis cell with non-conductive separators and a wick system that distributes electrolyte through capillary action, allowing operation independent of orientation, combined with a porous material for efficient electrolyte distribution and gas extraction, and a series connection of electrolysis cells to enhance efficiency and thermal conductivity.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If gravity-based gas-liquid separation is used in stationary gas generators, then gas bubbles rise to the liquid surface and gas is collected efficiently, but this method becomes impractical for handheld tools where gravity direction cannot be taken for granted

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvegas production rateVSAvoidspatial orientation independence
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The gas generator is divided into multiple independent electrolysis cells arranged in series, each capable of operating independently. This segmentation allows the system to maintain functionality regardless of orientation, as each cell can manage its own gas-liquid separation locally rather than relying on gravity across the entire system.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Porous non-conductive separators are used between electrodes to enable gas-liquid separation through capillary action and surface tension rather than gravity. The porous structure allows gas bubbles to be captured and directed through the electrolyte without requiring a specific gravitational orientation, enabling handheld tool operation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #31Porous materials

2Ease of operation

If capillary action is used to distribute electrolyte in electrolysis cells, then electrolyte distribution is improved, but electrolyte leakage occurs when the tool orientation is inverted

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectrolyte distributionVSAvoidelectrolyte retention
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The electrolyte distribution system uses a dynamic balance between capillary forces and gravitational forces. The wick material and porous separator structures are designed to maintain electrolyte distribution through capillary action during normal operation, while the series connection of multiple cells provides redundancy that maintains reliability even when orientation changes cause temporary leakage.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The gas storage volume in each electrolysis cell acts as a buffer that maintains system operation even when electrolyte leakage occurs due to orientation changes. The pre-stored gas and electrolyte in each cell provide a cushion that prevents complete system failure, allowing the tool to continue functioning reliably.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #11Beforehand cushioning (Prior cushioning)

3Device complexity

If a single electrolysis cell is used, then the device structure is simple, but gas production rate and efficiency are insufficient for handheld tool operation

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectrolysis cell structureVSAvoidgas production rate
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The gas generator employs multiple electrolysis cells connected in series, with each cell contributing to the overall gas production. This segmentation increases the total gas production rate while maintaining relatively simple individual cell structures, balancing complexity and productivity for handheld tool application.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Multiple electrolysis cells are merged into a single integrated gas generator system with common electrical connections and shared gas output. This combining approach achieves the required gas production rate through cumulative output from multiple cells while presenting a unified device structure to the user.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

4Loss of energy

If electrolysis cells are connected in series, then efficiency and thermal conductivity are enhanced, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectrolysis efficiencyVSAvoidcell connection structure
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The series connection of electrolysis cells creates distinct thermal and electrical zones that improve overall efficiency. Each cell operates at optimized current density, reducing energy loss through better heat distribution and electrical characteristics, while the modular segmented structure manages the inherent complexity through standardization.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The design ensures continuous gas production and efficient electrolyte retention, even when the tool changes orientation, with increased efficiency and thermal conductivity, making it suitable for handheld tools.

Implementation Method 1

The at least one electrically non-conductive separator is connected to a wick and the first electrode is connected to a first busbar and the second electrode is connected to a second busbar. The wick distributes the electrolyte to the separator

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCapillary action: Capillary Action

Implementation Method 2

an electrolysis cell for producing oxyhydrogen gas in a cavity

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrolysis: Electrolysis

Implementation Method 3

a porous material for efficient electrolyte distribution and gas extraction

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCapillary pressure: Capillary Pressure

Data Source

PatentEP4685268A1Gas generator for a working tool and a working tool with a gas generator
Publication Date: 2026.01.28 HILTI AG
  • EP4685268A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4685268A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4685268A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The invention discloses a gas generator for a working tool, comprising an electrolysis cell (150), an electrolyte, a first electrode and a second electrode, said first electrode and said second electrode are separated by at least one electrically non-conductive separator. Further, the at least one electrically non-conductive separator is connected to a wick and the first electrode is connected to a first busbar and the second electrode is connected to a second busbar. A working tool (591), comprising such gas generator is also described.