Twin-Screw Extrusion for Caprolactam Particle Production

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods for producing solid caprolactam particles are inefficient, resulting in products with high fines content and adhesion issues during transport and processing, and require complex processes like fluidized beds or cooled rollers, which are costly and labor-intensive.

Innovation Solution

A method involving the extrusion of a two-phase mixture, where one component is melted and the other solidifies within the extruder, producing strands that are then cooled and shredded into uniform, non-sticking particles using a twin-screw extruder and perforated plate, followed by air or inert gas cooling to prevent sticking.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of manufacture

If cooled rollers are used to produce caprolactam scales, then solid caprolactam particles can be produced, but the particles contain high fines content and stick together during transport

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveproduction of solid caprolactam particlesVSAvoidfines content and adhesion
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The invention changes the temperature parameters during extrusion to maintain a two-phase mixture (melt and solid) rather than complete melting, and controls the cooling rate to produce particles with reduced fines content and improved flowability compared to roller cooling methods

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The invention replaces the mechanical roller cooling system with an extrusion-based system using a twin-screw extruder that combines melting, mixing, and shaping in one continuous process, eliminating the need for separate cooling rollers and reducing particle adhesion

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Ease of operation

If fluidized bed method is used to produce spherical particles, then flowability is improved, but the process requires complex inerting and regulation

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveflowability of particlesVSAvoidinerting and throughput regulation
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The extrusion process itself produces particles with inherently improved flowability through the two-phase extrusion mechanism and controlled cooling, eliminating the need for additional fluidized bed inerting systems and complex regulation equipment

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

3Stability of the object's composition

If conventional extrusion with complete melting is used, then homogeneous mixture is achieved, but the material cannot be processed as solid particles

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvehomogeneity of mixtureVSAvoidproduction of solid particles
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The invention carefully controls the temperature parameters during extrusion to maintain a two-phase mixture (part melted, part solid) rather than complete melting, enabling the production of solid particles with improved homogeneity compared to simple mixing of solid components

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The invention creates a composite two-phase mixture within the extruder where melted material and solid particles coexist, allowing homogeneous distribution of additives while maintaining the ability to extrude as solid strands that are subsequently cooled and granulated

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This method yields solid particles with improved flowability, reduced fines content, and enhanced storage stability, avoiding the adhesion issues and process complexities of prior methods, while allowing for easy packaging and handling.

Implementation Method 1

heating and/or by the energy input of the conveying and/or shearing elements, in particular screws

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeating: Heating

Implementation Method 2

the extrusion generates frictional heat, in particular through the conveying and / or shearing elements of the extruder, in particular the screws

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFrictional heating: Viscous Heating

Implementation Method 3

producing component a2) by cooling the extruder to a temperature at which part of component a1) solidifies

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCooling: Cooling

Implementation Method 4

cooling these sections using a dry air stream or an inert gas until the surfaces are no longer sticky

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAir cooling: Convection

Data Source

PatentEP3389969B1Method of producing solid particles
Publication Date: 2022.03.23 LANXESS DEUTSCHLAND GMBH
  • EP3389969B1 patent drawingFigure 1

AI summary

The invention relates to a process for producing solid particles, containing a material having a melting point at normal pressure of from -20 °C to 300 °C, characterized in that a mixture containing the material in melted form and the material in solid form are mixed by an extruder to form a paste. Said paste is then pressed through a perforated plate to form strands and the strands are comminuted.