Water-Soluble Capsaicinoid Compositions for Controlled Dosing
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current capsaicinoid-based compositions for defensive and protective use have high concentrations, leading to serious eye and respiratory damage, skin irritation, and lethal effects, with difficulty in controlling the concentration due to natural oils, making them unsuitable for controlled incapacitation in public safety and law enforcement applications.
Innovation Solution
The development of compositions with controlled capsaicinoid concentrations using a 'de-oiling' and 're-oiling' process, utilizing water-soluble oils like castor oil derivatives to create water-soluble compositions, allowing for precise dosing and reduced side effects, and incorporating these compositions into aerosol or spray devices for controlled atmospheric use.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If high concentration of capsaicinoids is used in defensive compositions, then incapacitating effect is achieved, but serious side effects occur including eye and respiratory damage, skin irritation, and lethal effects
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by transitioning from high concentration capsaicinoid formulations to low concentration formulations (0.01-2% w/w). This fundamental parameter change in concentration enables the composition to maintain incapacitating effectiveness while dramatically reducing harmful side effects such as eye damage, respiratory irritation, and skin sensitization that occur with traditional high concentration formulations.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies local quality by using water-soluble oils as selective solvents that target and solubilize capsaicinoids specifically. This creates a formulation where the active ingredient is locally dissolved in the oil phase while the aqueous phase remains separate, enabling precise control over capsaicinoid delivery and reducing unnecessary exposure to harmful concentrations.
2Ease of manufacture
If capsicum oleoresin is used as source of capsaicinoids, then natural extraction is achieved, but concentration control becomes difficult due to mixture with natural oils
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies the extraction principle by removing natural oils from capsaicinoid sources through a de-oiling process. This separation isolates the capsaicinoids from the variable natural oil components of capsicum oleoresin, creating a standardized intermediate product with controlled capsaicinoid content that can then be precisely formulated into final compositions with exact desired concentrations.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses water-soluble oils as intermediary solvents in the formulation process. These oils serve as a bridge between the de-oiled capsaicinoid intermediate and the final aqueous-based composition. The water-soluble oils selectively solubilize the capsaicinoids and can be precisely controlled in quantity, enabling accurate concentration control in the final product while maintaining ease of manufacture.
3Ease of operation
If conventional solvents and propellants are used in pepper spray formulations, then atmospheric projection is achieved, but composition stability and precise dosing are compromised
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by replacing conventional organic solvents and propellants with water-based formulations containing water-soluble oils. This fundamental change in the solvent system improves composition stability by eliminating issues associated with organic solvent evaporation, propellant depletion, and chemical degradation, while still enabling effective atmospheric projection through spray devices.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses composite materials by combining water-soluble oils with capsaicinoids and water in a multi-phase system. This composite formulation integrates the solubilizing properties of oils with the safety and stability of aqueous bases, creating a stable composition that maintains precise dosing capabilities while remaining suitable for atmospheric projection through conventional spray and aerosol devices.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Achieves a high temporary incapacitating effect with low capsaicin concentrations, significantly reducing side effects and enabling precise control over the active ingredient's concentration, making the compositions safer and more effective for defensive and protective purposes.
Implementation Method 1
utilizing water-soluble oils like castor oil derivatives to create water-soluble compositions
Implementation Method 2
The development of compositions with controlled capsaicinoid concentrations using a 'de-oiling' and 're-oiling' process
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to a principle of formulation and use of compositions based on capsaicinoids of natural and/or synthetic origin or the like, in particular based on capsaicin, for defensive and/or protective use. The invention also relates to methods and devices for producing and/or projecting such compositions.