CAR T Cells Targeting Solid Tumors via Antigen-Specific Binding
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing cancer treatment programs, including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, face challenges such as poor treatment of advanced patients, undesirable side effects, and a decrease in the quality of life for patients.
Innovation Solution
The development of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cells that include an extracellular domain binding to specific antigens like OR2I1P, LY6G6D, LRRC15, and CLDN18.2, which are expressed at lower levels on normal tissues, minimizing harm to healthy cells while targeting cancer cells.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional cancer treatments (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery) are used to treat advanced cancer patients, then cancer cells are killed, but normal tissues are damaged causing undesirable side effects and reduced quality of life
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the treatment approach by using CAR T-cells that specifically recognize and bind to tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) on cancer cells. This segmentation allows the immune system to be directed precisely at tumor cells while sparing normal tissues, resolving the contradiction between effective cancer killing and protection of healthy cells
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies local quality by engineering CAR receptors with specific binding domains that recognize particular antigens expressed on tumor cells. This enables the treatment to have different effects in different locations: highly cytotoxic toward antigen-positive tumor cells while being benign toward antigen-negative normal tissues
2Object-affected harmful factors
If targeted therapy using antigen-specific receptors is developed, then selectivity toward cancer cells is improved, but treatment complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges multiple functional domains into a single CAR molecule: an extracellular antigen-binding domain (derived from antibodies or other binding proteins), a transmembrane domain for cell surface anchoring, and intracellular signaling domains for T-cell activation. This consolidation creates a unified receptor that provides both specificity and effector function
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates universal CAR constructs that can be applied across different cancer types by simply changing the antigen-binding domain. The core CAR structure (transmembrane and signaling domains) remains consistent, allowing standardized manufacturing processes while targeting different antigens such as PSA, HER2, or CEA through modular domain exchange
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enables targeted therapy with reduced side effects, improving the quality of life for patients by selectively killing cancer cells while sparing normal tissues.
Implementation Method 1
the CAR comprises an extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular domain, wherein the extracellular domain of the CAR binds an antigen of a solid tumor
Data Source
AI summary
The compositions and methods described herein are directed to treating solid tumors using CAR T therapy. For example, the compositions include CAR T cells comprising an extracellular domain that binds OR2I1P, LY6G6D, LRRC15, LY6K, GCC, GFRA4, F2RL2, QRFPR, IQGAP3, SIGLEC15, HAVCR1, PSG9, KISS1R, PRAME, HCN4, DPEP3, TMEM270, HER2, SLC7A3, SPRR2F, SLC45A2, CHRM1, CHRNA2, STEAP1B, FCRL2, Luteinizing hormone receptor, EDB, or CLDN18.2.