Carbon Hardmask for FinFET Doping

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional ion implantation processes for FinFET devices cause amorphization of the fin structure, which is not fully remedied by post-implant processes, especially as the fin width scales to 20 nm or less, and precludes the use of photoresist at higher temperatures, necessitating new processing methods for 3D devices.

Innovation Solution

A method involving a carbon-based hardmask and hydrogen-based etchant excluding oxygen and fluorine species is used to selectively expose fin structures, allowing high-temperature ion implantation to introduce dopants while maintaining a single crystalline state, employing a combination of etching and implantation techniques to prevent amorphization and enable precise doping.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If ion implantation is performed at conventional temperatures with photoresist masking, then selective doping is achieved, but the fin structure undergoes excessive amorphization that cannot be fully remedied by post-implant processes

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedoping precisionVSAvoidcrystalline structure integrity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The patent raises the substrate temperature during ion implantation from conventional low temperatures to elevated temperatures (e.g., 400-600°C or higher). This parameter change prevents excessive amorphization of the fin structure by maintaining it in a crystalline state during implantation, thereby preserving structural integrity while still achieving precise selective doping through the carbon hardmask pattern.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses a carbon-based hardmask layer that is deposited conformally on the fin structure and then selectively removed after serving its masking function. This disposable hardmask enables high-temperature implantation without requiring temperature-sensitive photoresist, and can be completely removed after doping without leaving residues that would affect device performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

2Stability of the object's composition

If ion implantation is performed at higher temperatures to avoid amorphization, then crystalline structure is maintained, but photoresist cannot be used as a mask

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecrystalline structure integrityVSAvoidmasking process simplicity
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs a carbon-based hardmask that is specifically chosen for its ability to withstand high implantation temperatures unlike photoresist. This hardmask is deposited conformally, patterned, and then completely removed after serving its masking function. Its disposability after use simplifies the overall process by eliminating the need for temperature-sensitive photoresist and complex resist removal steps.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the masking material from organic photoresist to inorganic carbon-based hardmask, which fundamentally alters the temperature compatibility parameter. This material substitution enables the process to be performed at elevated temperatures (400-600°C or higher) while maintaining ease of manufacture through conformal deposition and simple pattern transfer techniques.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Length of moving object

If fin width is scaled to 20 nm or less to increase circuit density, then device miniaturization is achieved, but amorphization becomes more severe and harder to remedy

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefin widthVSAvoidcrystalline structure integrity
Core Design Contradiction:
Length of moving objectVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The patent performs ion implantation at elevated temperatures as a preliminary action before any post-implant annealing or rapid thermal processing. By maintaining high substrate temperature during the implantation itself, the fin structure remains in a crystalline state throughout the doping process, preventing amorphization from occurring in the first place. This eliminates the need for subsequent remedial annealing processes that would be particularly damaging to ultra-narrow fins.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent fundamentally changes the temperature parameter during ion implantation from conventional low temperatures to elevated temperatures (400-600°C or higher). This parameter change is particularly critical for ultra-narrow fins (20 nm or less) as it prevents the severe amorphization that would otherwise occur during implantation of such narrow structures, maintaining crystalline integrity throughout the process.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach ensures the formation of single crystalline fin structures with improved crystalline quality and allows for precise doping without excessive amorphization, enhancing the manufacturing efficiency and performance of FinFET devices by maintaining the fin structure's integrity during high-temperature processing.

Implementation Method 1

etching a selected portion of the film by exposing the selected portion of the film to an etchant containing hydrogen species

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectChemical etching:

Implementation Method 2

In this process, dopants having desired species may be directed toward the fin structure in a form of ions, and implanted therein

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectIon implantation: Ion Implantation

Data Source

PatentUS9337314B2Technique for selectively processing three dimensional device
Publication Date: 2016.05.10 VARIAN SEMICON EQUIP ASSC INC

AI summary

A method to selectively process a three dimensional device, comprising providing a substrate having a first surface that extends horizontally, the substrate comprising a structure containing a second surface that extends vertically from the first surface; providing a film on the substrate, the film comprising carbon species; and etching a selected portion of the film by exposing the selected portion of the film to an etchant containing hydrogen species, where the etchant excludes oxygen species and fluorine species.