Carbonaceous Gasification Downflow Nozzle Design
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing coal pulverization equipment faces issues with cinder blockage and temperature excursions due to uneven cinder solidification and erosion, which can lead to equipment breakdown and safety hazards.
Innovation Solution
A carbonaceous substance powder gasification device and method that includes a vertical configuration with multiple sections for cooling and purification, where high-temperature crude synthesis gas and ashes are cooled and purified, allowing for efficient carbon conversion and hydrogen-carbon ratio improvement, and the arrangement of nozzles to direct reactants away from the top chamber, preventing slag accumulation and overheating.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If multiple nozzles gasifiers use synthesis gas up-flowing process, then the equipment can be expanded, but the fluid cinder solidifies and blocks the cinder exit
Solution Approach 1:
The patent inverts the conventional up-flowing process by implementing a down-flowing synthesis gas process. The synthesis gas flows downward through the gasifier chamber, carrying fluid cinder with it. This reversal prevents cinder from solidifying and blocking the exit, as the downward flow maintains cinder in a molten state throughout the process.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the flow direction parameter from upward to downward, which fundamentally alters the thermal and hydraulic behavior of the system. The downward flow ensures that hot synthesis gas continuously heats the cinder along the flow path, maintaining it in a fluid state and preventing solidification at the exit.
2Volume of stationary object
If nozzles are arranged on the upper chamber to maximize space utilization, then the chamber space is fully utilized, but the top of the chamber experiences temperature excursions and erosion
Solution Approach 1:
Instead of arranging nozzles on the upper chamber as in conventional designs, the patent inverts the arrangement by positioning nozzles to inject reactants in a manner that creates downward flow. This inversion relocates the high-temperature reaction zone away from the chamber top, preventing thermal erosion and temperature excursions at the upper chamber.
3Ease of operation
If fluid cinder falls unevenly into the cinder pool, then the equipment operates normally, but the cinder solidifies and accumulates blocking the exit
Solution Approach 1:
The patent reverses the cinder flow direction from downward falling into a pool to upward flow through the reaction zone. The fluid cinder is carried upward by the downward-flowing synthesis gas, continuously exposed to high temperatures that prevent solidification, and exits in a controlled manner without accumulation or blockage.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution effectively prevents slag blockage and temperature excursions, enhances carbon conversion, minimizes water usage for cooling, and maximizes equipment efficiency by allowing synthesis gas to exit from both top and bottom, reducing safety risks and equipment downtime.
Implementation Method 1
The carbonaceous substance reacts with a gasification agent and generates a crude synthesis gas in which main components are CO and H2 and ashes in which main components is inorganic substance
Implementation Method 2
The rest part of the crude synthesis gas (for instance about 70%) and the flying ashes go up and mix with the cooling material to lower the temperature
Implementation Method 3
cooling is mainly realized by exchanging the heat with the cooling materials in order to lower the temperature
Implementation Method 4
mix with the cooling material to lower the temperature
Data Source
AI summary
A carbonaceous substance dry powder gasification device and method, the device comprising from bottom to top a lower cooling and purification section (1), a gasification reaction section (2), a cooling reaction section (3) and an upper cooling and purification section (4); an initial cooling device is disposed at the connection between the cooling reaction section and the gasification reaction section; and a plurality of nozzles are circumferentially arranged in the gasification reaction section. The method comprises: a gasification reaction is conducted between a carbonaceous substance and an oxygenated gasifying agent to generate crude synthesis gas and ash; part of the crude synthesis gas and most of the ash go downstream for cooling and gasification, and the cooled and ash removed crude synthesis gas is transferred to subsequent processes, and the quenched ash is discharged through an ash outlet; the remaining crude synthesis gas and fly ash go upstream to mix with a cooling substance for cooling, and then are transferred to the cooling reaction section for reacting with the incompletely reacted carbon and added gasification agent; the crude synthesis gas and the fly ash are cooled and purified to remove the fly ash, and the clean low-temperature crude synthesis gas is transferred to subsequent processes. The method avoids ash blocking at an ash outlet in an upstream air-exhaust method, and also avoids overheating at the top in a downstream air-exhaust method, thus improving the carbon conversion rate.