Carbonaceous Negative Electrode Material for Li-Ion Batteries

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Solution Overview

Problem

Graphite-based carbonaceous materials used in lithium-ion secondary batteries exhibit high energy density but limited high-speed charge and discharge characteristics due to their high crystallinity, which restricts the diffusion of solvated lithium ions.

Innovation Solution

A stock oil composition comprising a specific ratio of saturated, aromatic, resin, and asphaltene components, derived from residue fluid catalytic cracking apparatus, is used to produce a carbonaceous material with a developed crystal structure, facilitating the formation of diffusion paths for lithium ions through thermal cracking and polymerization, resulting in improved charge and discharge characteristics.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Quantity of substance

If graphite-based carbonaceous material with high crystallinity is used as negative electrode material, then energy density per unit volume increases, but high-speed charge and discharge characteristics deteriorate due to limited diffusion of solvated lithium ions

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenergy densityVSAvoidhigh-speed charge and discharge characteristics
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSSpeed

Solution Approach 1:

The invention changes the crystallinity parameter of the graphite-based carbonaceous material from high to low through controlled carbonization processes, thereby transforming the material properties to enable faster lithium ion diffusion while maintaining adequate energy density for practical applications

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The invention creates a composite structure by combining graphite-based carbonaceous material with amorphous carbonaceous material in specific ratios (graphite 20-80 wt%, amorphous carbon 20-80 wt%), where the amorphous component provides fast ion diffusion pathways while the graphite component contributes to energy density

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The optimized carbonaceous material achieves excellent high-speed charge and discharge characteristics, enhancing the performance of lithium-ion secondary batteries, particularly in applications like hybrid vehicles.

Implementation Method 1

a heavy oil is treated at high temperature to cause thermal cracking and polymerization and/or condensation reaction

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal cracking: Pyrolysis

Implementation Method 2

a heavy oil is treated at high temperature to cause thermal cracking and polymerization and/or condensation reaction

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPolymerization: Photopolymerisation

Implementation Method 3

high crystallinity of the graphite-based carbonaceous material which limits the diffusion of solvated lithium ions in the carbon layer

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDiffusion: Diffusion

Data Source

PatentEP2590247B1Stock oil composition for carbonaceous material for negative electrodes of lithium-ion secondary batteries
Publication Date: 2019.06.12 JX NIPPON OIL & ENERGY CORP

AI summary

Provided is a stock oil composition for a carbonaceous material for a negative electrode of a lithium-ion secondary battery which composition is useful for achieving excellent high-speed charge and discharge characteristics. The stock oil composition for a carbonaceous material for a negative electrode of a lithium-ion secondary battery uses a bottom oil of residue fluid catalytic cracking apparatus as a raw material. The stock oil composition comprises, of a saturated component, an aromatic component, a resin component and an asphaltene component detectable by development of the stock oil composition using thin-layer chromatography, the saturated component ranging from 30 to 50% by weight and the aromatic component ranging from 50 to 70% by weight; and has an average molecular weight of from 400 to 600.