Cardiac Electrode Motion Compensation for Accurate 3D Geometry
Find Innovative SolutionsGenerate Solutions
Solution Overview
Problem
Current EP systems fail to account for cardiac and respiratory motion, leading to distorted geometric measurements of cardiac electrodes with errors up to +1.5 cm, affecting the accuracy of electrophysiological studies.
Innovation Solution
A method and apparatus using a processor and memory to compensate for cardiac and respiratory motion by calculating velocities, determining temporal data, and interpolating respiratory phases to generate a smooth 3-D surface for accurate geometric measurements.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If cardiac and respiratory motion are not compensated, then the system operation is simple, but the measurement precision deteriorates with errors up to +1.5 cm
Solution Approach 1:
The motion compensation system is segmented into two independent components: a cardiac compensator that processes position signals to mitigate cardiac motion, and a respiratory compensator that processes the cardiac-compensated signals to mitigate respiratory motion. This segmentation allows each compensator to specialize in one type of motion, improving overall measurement precision while maintaining manageable system complexity through modular architecture.
Solution Approach 2:
The cardiac compensator performs preliminary action by compensating for cardiac motion before the respiratory compensator addresses respiratory motion. This sequential preliminary action ensures that each compensator works on signals that have already had one type of motion removed, thereby improving the effectiveness of subsequent compensation and overall measurement precision.
2Measurement precision
If minimum electrode velocity is used for motion compensation, then the device complexity is low, but the measurement precision is insufficient as it does not account for both cardiac and respiratory motion
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges two separate compensation mechanisms (cardiac compensator and respiratory compensator) into a unified processing pipeline. The cardiac compensator first processes raw position signals to remove cardiac motion artifacts, then the respiratory compensator processes these cardiac-compensated signals to remove respiratory motion artifacts. This merging of multiple compensation functions into a single integrated system achieves superior surface location accuracy while managing complexity through systematic signal processing.
3Measurement precision
If cardiac and respiratory motion are compensated separately, then the measurement precision improves, but the processing time increases
Solution Approach 1:
The cardiac and respiratory compensators operate in continuous sequential fashion rather than intermittently or in parallel. The cardiac compensator continuously processes incoming position signals to mitigate cardiac motion, and its output continuously feeds the respiratory compensator which continuously mitigates respiratory motion. This continuous sequential processing maintains high 3-D surface accuracy while optimizing processing time by eliminating gaps or redundancies in the compensation workflow.
Data Source
AI summary
An apparatus and method to mitigate cardiac motion and respiratory motion on geometric measurements of cardiac electrodes. The apparatus includes at least a processor and a memory communicatively connected to the at least a processor configured to receive the at least a position signal comprising a first, second, and third spatial coordinate, and compensate, using a cardiac compensator and respiratory compensator, for respiratory motion, wherein compensating for the respiratory motion comprises calculating at least a velocity signal, using the at least a position signal, extracting, using the cardiac compensator, cardiac motion from the at least a position signal as a function of the at least a position signal and the at least a velocity signal, determining, using the respiratory compensator, a respiratory phase, and extracting the respiratory motion as a function of the respiratory phase.